item-0 at level 0: unspecified: group _root_ item-1 at level 1: section: group header-1 item-2 at level 2: section_header: Contents item-3 at level 3: text: move to sidebar item-4 at level 3: text: hide item-5 at level 3: list: group list item-6 at level 4: list_item: (Top) item-7 at level 4: list_item: 1 Etymology item-8 at level 5: list: group list item-9 at level 4: list_item: 2 Taxonomy item-10 at level 5: list: group list item-11 at level 4: list_item: 3 Morphology item-12 at level 5: list: group list item-13 at level 4: list_item: 4 Distribution and habitat item-14 at level 5: list: group list item-15 at level 4: list_item: item-16 at level 5: inline: group group item-17 at level 6: text: 5 Behaviour item-18 at level 6: text: Toggle Behaviour subsection item-19 at level 5: list: group list item-20 at level 6: list_item: 5.1 Feeding item-21 at level 7: list: group list item-22 at level 6: list_item: 5.2 Breeding item-23 at level 7: list: group list item-24 at level 6: list_item: 5.3 Communication item-25 at level 7: list: group list item-26 at level 6: list_item: 5.4 Predators item-27 at level 7: list: group list item-28 at level 4: list_item: item-29 at level 5: inline: group group item-30 at level 6: text: 6 Relationship with humans item-31 at level 6: text: Toggle Relationship with humans subsection item-32 at level 5: list: group list item-33 at level 6: list_item: 6.1 Hunting item-34 at level 7: list: group list item-35 at level 6: list_item: 6.2 Domestication item-36 at level 7: list: group list item-37 at level 6: list_item: 6.3 Heraldry item-38 at level 7: list: group list item-39 at level 6: list_item: 6.4 Cultural references item-40 at level 7: list: group list item-41 at level 4: list_item: 7 See also item-42 at level 5: list: group list item-43 at level 4: list_item: item-44 at level 5: inline: group group item-45 at level 6: text: 8 Notes item-46 at level 6: text: Toggle Notes subsection item-47 at level 5: list: group list item-48 at level 6: list_item: 8.1 Citations item-49 at level 7: list: group list item-50 at level 6: list_item: 8.2 Sources item-51 at level 7: list: group list item-52 at level 4: list_item: 9 External links item-53 at level 5: list: group list item-54 at level 3: text: Toggle the table of contents item-55 at level 1: title: Duck item-56 at level 2: text: 136 languages item-57 at level 2: list: group list item-58 at level 3: list_item: Acèh item-59 at level 3: list_item: Afrikaans item-60 at level 3: list_item: Alemannisch item-61 at level 3: list_item: አማርኛ item-62 at level 3: list_item: Ænglisc item-63 at level 3: list_item: العربية item-64 at level 3: list_item: Aragonés item-65 at level 3: list_item: ܐܪܡܝܐ item-66 at level 3: list_item: Armãneashti item-67 at level 3: list_item: Asturianu item-68 at level 3: list_item: Atikamekw item-69 at level 3: list_item: Авар item-70 at level 3: list_item: Aymar aru item-71 at level 3: list_item: تۆرکجه item-72 at level 3: list_item: Basa Bali item-73 at level 3: list_item: বাংলা item-74 at level 3: list_item: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú item-75 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская item-76 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская (тарашкевіца) item-77 at level 3: list_item: Bikol Central item-78 at level 3: list_item: Български item-79 at level 3: list_item: Brezhoneg item-80 at level 3: list_item: Буряад item-81 at level 3: list_item: Català item-82 at level 3: list_item: Чӑвашла item-83 at level 3: list_item: Čeština item-84 at level 3: list_item: ChiShona item-85 at level 3: list_item: Cymraeg item-86 at level 3: list_item: Dagbanli item-87 at level 3: list_item: Dansk item-88 at level 3: list_item: Deitsch item-89 at level 3: list_item: Deutsch item-90 at level 3: list_item: डोटेली item-91 at level 3: list_item: Ελληνικά item-92 at level 3: list_item: Emiliàn e rumagnòl item-93 at level 3: list_item: Español item-94 at level 3: list_item: Esperanto item-95 at level 3: list_item: Euskara item-96 at level 3: list_item: فارسی item-97 at level 3: list_item: Français item-98 at level 3: list_item: Gaeilge item-99 at level 3: list_item: Galego item-100 at level 3: list_item: ГӀалгӀай item-101 at level 3: list_item: 贛語 item-102 at level 3: list_item: گیلکی item-103 at level 3: list_item: 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺 item-104 at level 3: list_item: गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni item-105 at level 3: list_item: 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî item-106 at level 3: list_item: 한국어 item-107 at level 3: list_item: Hausa item-108 at level 3: list_item: Հայերեն item-109 at level 3: list_item: हिन्दी item-110 at level 3: list_item: Hrvatski item-111 at level 3: list_item: Ido item-112 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Indonesia item-113 at level 3: list_item: Iñupiatun item-114 at level 3: list_item: Íslenska item-115 at level 3: list_item: Italiano item-116 at level 3: list_item: עברית item-117 at level 3: list_item: Jawa item-118 at level 3: list_item: ಕನ್ನಡ item-119 at level 3: list_item: Kapampangan item-120 at level 3: list_item: ქართული item-121 at level 3: list_item: कॉशुर / کٲشُر item-122 at level 3: list_item: Қазақша item-123 at level 3: list_item: Ikirundi item-124 at level 3: list_item: Kongo item-125 at level 3: list_item: Kreyòl ayisyen item-126 at level 3: list_item: Кырык мары item-127 at level 3: list_item: ລາວ item-128 at level 3: list_item: Latina item-129 at level 3: list_item: Latviešu item-130 at level 3: list_item: Lietuvių item-131 at level 3: list_item: Li Niha item-132 at level 3: list_item: Ligure item-133 at level 3: list_item: Limburgs item-134 at level 3: list_item: Lingála item-135 at level 3: list_item: Malagasy item-136 at level 3: list_item: മലയാളം item-137 at level 3: list_item: मराठी item-138 at level 3: list_item: مازِرونی item-139 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Melayu item-140 at level 3: list_item: ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ item-141 at level 3: list_item: 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ item-142 at level 3: list_item: Мокшень item-143 at level 3: list_item: Монгол item-144 at level 3: list_item: မြန်မာဘာသာ item-145 at level 3: list_item: Nederlands item-146 at level 3: list_item: Nedersaksies item-147 at level 3: list_item: नेपाली item-148 at level 3: list_item: नेपाल भाषा item-149 at level 3: list_item: 日本語 item-150 at level 3: list_item: Нохчийн item-151 at level 3: list_item: Norsk nynorsk item-152 at level 3: list_item: Occitan item-153 at level 3: list_item: Oromoo item-154 at level 3: list_item: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ item-155 at level 3: list_item: Picard item-156 at level 3: list_item: Plattdüütsch item-157 at level 3: list_item: Polski item-158 at level 3: list_item: Português item-159 at level 3: list_item: Qırımtatarca item-160 at level 3: list_item: Română item-161 at level 3: list_item: Русский item-162 at level 3: list_item: Саха тыла item-163 at level 3: list_item: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ item-164 at level 3: list_item: Sardu item-165 at level 3: list_item: Scots item-166 at level 3: list_item: Seeltersk item-167 at level 3: list_item: Shqip item-168 at level 3: list_item: Sicilianu item-169 at level 3: list_item: සිංහල item-170 at level 3: list_item: Simple English item-171 at level 3: list_item: سنڌي item-172 at level 3: list_item: کوردی item-173 at level 3: list_item: Српски / srpski item-174 at level 3: list_item: Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски item-175 at level 3: list_item: Sunda item-176 at level 3: list_item: Svenska item-177 at level 3: list_item: Tagalog item-178 at level 3: list_item: தமிழ் item-179 at level 3: list_item: Taqbaylit item-180 at level 3: list_item: Татарча / tatarça item-181 at level 3: list_item: ไทย item-182 at level 3: list_item: Türkçe item-183 at level 3: list_item: Українська item-184 at level 3: list_item: ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche item-185 at level 3: list_item: Vahcuengh item-186 at level 3: list_item: Tiếng Việt item-187 at level 3: list_item: Walon item-188 at level 3: list_item: 文言 item-189 at level 3: list_item: Winaray item-190 at level 3: list_item: 吴语 item-191 at level 3: list_item: 粵語 item-192 at level 3: list_item: Žemaitėška item-193 at level 3: list_item: 中文 item-194 at level 2: text: Edit links item-195 at level 2: list: group list item-196 at level 3: list_item: Article item-197 at level 3: list_item: Talk item-198 at level 2: text: English item-199 at level 2: list: group list item-200 at level 2: list: group list item-201 at level 3: list_item: Read item-202 at level 3: list_item: View source item-203 at level 3: list_item: View history item-204 at level 2: text: Tools item-205 at level 2: text: Tools item-206 at level 2: text: move to sidebar item-207 at level 2: text: hide item-208 at level 2: text: Actions item-209 at level 2: list: group list item-210 at level 3: list_item: Read item-211 at level 3: list_item: View source item-212 at level 3: list_item: View history item-213 at level 2: text: General item-214 at level 2: list: group list item-215 at level 3: list_item: What links here item-216 at level 3: list_item: Related changes item-217 at level 3: list_item: Upload file item-218 at level 3: list_item: Special pages item-219 at level 3: list_item: Permanent link item-220 at level 3: list_item: Page information item-221 at level 3: list_item: Cite this page item-222 at level 3: list_item: Get shortened URL item-223 at level 3: list_item: Download QR code item-224 at level 3: list_item: Wikidata item item-225 at level 2: text: Print/export item-226 at level 2: list: group list item-227 at level 3: list_item: Download as PDF item-228 at level 3: list_item: Printable version item-229 at level 2: text: In other projects item-230 at level 2: list: group list item-231 at level 3: list_item: Wikimedia Commons item-232 at level 3: list_item: Wikiquote item-233 at level 2: text: Appearance item-234 at level 2: text: move to sidebar item-235 at level 2: text: hide item-236 at level 2: picture item-236 at level 3: caption: Page semi-protected item-237 at level 2: text: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia item-238 at level 2: inline: group group item-239 at level 3: text: (Redirected from item-240 at level 3: text: Duckling item-241 at level 3: text: ) item-242 at level 2: text: Common name for many species of bird item-243 at level 2: inline: group group item-244 at level 3: text: This article is about the bird. For duck as a food, see item-245 at level 3: text: Duck as food item-246 at level 3: text: . For other uses, see item-247 at level 3: text: Duck (disambiguation) item-248 at level 3: text: . item-249 at level 2: inline: group group item-250 at level 3: text: "Duckling" redirects here. For other uses, see item-251 at level 3: text: Duckling (disambiguation) item-252 at level 3: text: . item-253 at level 2: table with [13x2] item-254 at level 3: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_1_0_1 item-255 at level 4: picture item-256 at level 3: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_1_0_2 item-257 at level 4: text: Bufflehead item-258 at level 4: text: Bucephala albeola item-259 at level 4: text: ( ) item-260 at level 3: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_1_0_3 item-261 at level 4: text: Scientific classification item-262 at level 4: picture item-262 at level 5: caption: Edit this classification item-263 at level 2: picture item-264 at level 2: picture item-265 at level 2: inline: group group item-266 at level 3: text: Duck item-267 at level 3: text: is the common name for numerous species of item-268 at level 3: text: waterfowl item-269 at level 3: text: in the item-270 at level 3: text: family item-271 at level 3: text: Anatidae item-272 at level 3: text: . Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than item-273 at level 3: text: swans item-274 at level 3: text: and item-275 at level 3: text: geese item-276 at level 3: text: , which are members of the same ... among several subfamilies, they are a item-277 at level 3: text: form taxon item-278 at level 3: text: ; they do not represent a item-279 at level 3: text: monophyletic group item-280 at level 3: text: (the group of all descendants of ... not considered ducks. Ducks are mostly item-281 at level 3: text: aquatic birds item-282 at level 3: text: , and may be found in both fresh water and sea water. item-283 at level 2: inline: group group item-284 at level 3: text: Ducks are sometimes confused wit ... ater birds with similar forms, such as item-285 at level 3: text: loons item-286 at level 3: text: or divers, item-287 at level 3: text: grebes item-288 at level 3: text: , item-289 at level 3: text: gallinules item-290 at level 3: text: and item-291 at level 3: text: coots item-292 at level 3: text: . item-293 at level 2: section_header: Etymology item-294 at level 3: inline: group group item-295 at level 4: text: The word item-296 at level 4: text: duck item-297 at level 4: text: comes from item-298 at level 4: text: Old English item-299 at level 4: text: dūce item-300 at level 4: text: 'diver', a derivative of the verb * item-301 at level 4: text: dūcan item-302 at level 4: text: 'to duck, bend down low as if to ... because of the way many species in the item-303 at level 4: text: dabbling duck item-304 at level 4: text: group feed by upending; compare with item-305 at level 4: text: Dutch item-306 at level 4: text: duiken item-307 at level 4: text: and item-308 at level 4: text: German item-309 at level 4: text: tauchen item-310 at level 4: text: 'to dive'. item-311 at level 3: picture item-311 at level 4: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck" item-312 at level 3: inline: group group item-313 at level 4: text: This word replaced Old English item-314 at level 4: text: ened item-315 at level 4: text: / item-316 at level 4: text: ænid item-317 at level 4: text: 'duck', possibly to avoid confusion with other words, such as item-318 at level 4: text: ende item-319 at level 4: text: 'end' with similar forms. Other ... languages still have similar words for item-320 at level 4: text: duck item-321 at level 4: text: , for example, Dutch item-322 at level 4: text: eend item-323 at level 4: text: , German item-324 at level 4: text: Ente item-325 at level 4: text: and item-326 at level 4: text: Norwegian item-327 at level 4: text: and item-328 at level 4: text: . The word item-329 at level 4: text: ened item-330 at level 4: text: / item-331 at level 4: text: ænid item-332 at level 4: text: was inherited from item-333 at level 4: text: Proto-Indo-European item-334 at level 4: text: ; item-335 at level 4: text: cf. item-336 at level 4: text: Latin item-337 at level 4: text: anas item-338 at level 4: text: "duck", item-339 at level 4: text: Lithuanian item-340 at level 4: text: ántis item-341 at level 4: text: 'duck', item-342 at level 4: text: Ancient Greek item-343 at level 4: text: νῆσσα / νῆττα ( item-344 at level 4: text: nēssa item-345 at level 4: text: / item-346 at level 4: text: nētta item-347 at level 4: text: ) 'duck', and item-348 at level 4: text: Sanskrit item-349 at level 4: text: ātí item-350 at level 4: text: 'water bird', among others. item-351 at level 3: inline: group group item-352 at level 4: text: A duckling is a young duck in downy plumage item-353 at level 4: text: [ 1 ] item-354 at level 4: text: or baby duck, item-355 at level 4: text: [ 2 ] item-356 at level 4: text: but in the food trade a young do ... , is sometimes labelled as a duckling. item-357 at level 3: inline: group group item-358 at level 4: text: A male is called a item-359 at level 4: text: drake item-360 at level 4: text: and the female is called a duck, or in item-361 at level 4: text: ornithology item-362 at level 4: text: a hen. item-363 at level 4: text: [ 3 ] item-364 at level 4: text: [ 4 ] item-365 at level 3: picture item-365 at level 4: caption: Male mallard . item-366 at level 3: picture item-366 at level 4: caption: Wood ducks . item-367 at level 2: section_header: Taxonomy item-368 at level 3: inline: group group item-369 at level 4: text: All ducks belong to the item-370 at level 4: text: biological order item-371 at level 4: text: Anseriformes item-372 at level 4: text: , a group that contains the ducks, geese and swans, as well as the item-373 at level 4: text: screamers item-374 at level 4: text: , and the item-375 at level 4: text: magpie goose item-376 at level 4: text: . item-377 at level 4: text: [ 5 ] item-378 at level 4: text: All except the screamers belong to the item-379 at level 4: text: biological family item-380 at level 4: text: Anatidae item-381 at level 4: text: . item-382 at level 4: text: [ 5 ] item-383 at level 4: text: Within the family, ducks are spl ... erable disagreement among taxonomists. item-384 at level 4: text: [ 5 ] item-385 at level 4: text: Some base their decisions on item-386 at level 4: text: morphological characteristics item-387 at level 4: text: , others on shared behaviours or genetic studies. item-388 at level 4: text: [ 6 ] item-389 at level 4: text: [ 7 ] item-390 at level 4: text: The number of suggested subfamil ... taining ducks ranges from two to five. item-391 at level 4: text: [ 8 ] item-392 at level 4: text: [ 9 ] item-393 at level 4: text: The significant level of item-394 at level 4: text: hybridisation item-395 at level 4: text: that occurs among wild ducks com ... relationships between various species. item-396 at level 4: text: [ 9 ] item-397 at level 3: picture item-397 at level 4: caption: Mallard landing in approach item-398 at level 3: inline: group group item-399 at level 4: text: In most modern classifications, ... split into a varying number of tribes. item-400 at level 4: text: [ 10 ] item-401 at level 4: text: The largest of these, the Anatin ... imarily at the surface of fresh water. item-402 at level 4: text: [ 11 ] item-403 at level 4: text: The 'diving ducks', also named f ... ng method, make up the tribe Aythyini. item-404 at level 4: text: [ 12 ] item-405 at level 4: text: The 'sea ducks' of the tribe Mer ... majority of their lives in saltwater. item-406 at level 4: text: [ 13 ] item-407 at level 4: text: The tribe Oxyurini contains the ... r small size and stiff, upright tails. item-408 at level 4: text: [ 14 ] item-409 at level 3: inline: group group item-410 at level 4: text: A number of other species called ... ed in other subfamilies or tribes. The item-411 at level 4: text: whistling ducks item-412 at level 4: text: are assigned either to a tribe ( ... y Anatinae or the subfamily Anserinae, item-413 at level 4: text: [ 15 ] item-414 at level 4: text: or to their own subfamily (Dendrocygninae) or family (Dendrocyganidae). item-415 at level 4: text: [ 9 ] item-416 at level 4: text: [ 16 ] item-417 at level 4: text: The item-418 at level 4: text: freckled duck item-419 at level 4: text: of Australia is either the sole ... ctonettini in the subfamily Anserinae, item-420 at level 4: text: [ 15 ] item-421 at level 4: text: or in its own family, the Stictonettinae. item-422 at level 4: text: [ 9 ] item-423 at level 4: text: The item-424 at level 4: text: shelducks item-425 at level 4: text: make up the tribe Tadornini in t ... ily Anserinae in some classifications, item-426 at level 4: text: [ 15 ] item-427 at level 4: text: and their own subfamily, Tadorninae, in others, item-428 at level 4: text: [ 17 ] item-429 at level 4: text: while the item-430 at level 4: text: steamer ducks item-431 at level 4: text: are either placed in the family Anserinae in the tribe Tachyerini item-432 at level 4: text: [ 15 ] item-433 at level 4: text: or lumped with the shelducks in the tribe Tadorini. item-434 at level 4: text: [ 9 ] item-435 at level 4: text: The item-436 at level 4: text: perching ducks item-437 at level 4: text: make up in the tribe Cairinini i ... members assigned to the tribe Anatini. item-438 at level 4: text: [ 9 ] item-439 at level 4: text: The item-440 at level 4: text: torrent duck item-441 at level 4: text: is generally included in the sub ... e in the monotypic tribe Merganettini, item-442 at level 4: text: [ 15 ] item-443 at level 4: text: but is sometimes included in the tribe Tadornini. item-444 at level 4: text: [ 18 ] item-445 at level 4: text: The item-446 at level 4: text: pink-eared duck item-447 at level 4: text: is sometimes included as a true duck either in the tribe Anatini item-448 at level 4: text: [ 15 ] item-449 at level 4: text: or the tribe Malacorhynchini, item-450 at level 4: text: [ 19 ] item-451 at level 4: text: and other times is included with the shelducks in the tribe Tadornini. item-452 at level 4: text: [ 15 ] item-453 at level 2: section_header: Morphology item-454 at level 3: picture item-454 at level 4: caption: Male Mandarin duck item-455 at level 3: inline: group group item-456 at level 4: text: The overall item-457 at level 4: text: body plan item-458 at level 4: text: of ducks is elongated and broad, ... t from this in being more rounded. The item-459 at level 4: text: bill item-460 at level 4: text: is usually broad and contains serrated item-461 at level 4: text: pectens item-462 at level 4: text: , which are particularly well de ... e generally short and pointed, and the item-463 at level 4: text: flight item-464 at level 4: text: of ducks requires fast continuou ... strong wing muscles. Three species of item-465 at level 4: text: steamer duck item-466 at level 4: text: are almost flightless, however. ... duck are temporarily flightless while item-467 at level 4: text: moulting item-468 at level 4: text: ; they seek out protected habita ... period. This moult typically precedes item-469 at level 4: text: migration item-470 at level 4: text: . item-471 at level 3: inline: group group item-472 at level 4: text: The drakes of northern species often have extravagant item-473 at level 4: text: plumage item-474 at level 4: text: , but that is item-475 at level 4: text: moulted item-476 at level 4: text: in summer to give a more female- ... n resident species typically show less item-477 at level 4: text: sexual dimorphism item-478 at level 4: text: , although there are exceptions such as the item-479 at level 4: text: paradise shelduck item-480 at level 4: text: of item-481 at level 4: text: New Zealand item-482 at level 4: text: , which is both strikingly sexua ... rkscrew shaped vagina to prevent rape. item-483 at level 2: section_header: Distribution and habitat item-484 at level 3: inline: group group item-485 at level 4: text: See also: item-486 at level 4: text: List of Anseriformes by population item-487 at level 3: picture item-487 at level 4: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia , Argentina item-488 at level 3: inline: group group item-489 at level 4: text: Ducks have a item-490 at level 4: text: cosmopolitan distribution item-491 at level 4: text: , and are found on every continent except Antarctica. item-492 at level 4: text: [ 5 ] item-493 at level 4: text: Several species manage to live on subantarctic islands, including item-494 at level 4: text: South Georgia item-495 at level 4: text: and the item-496 at level 4: text: Auckland Islands item-497 at level 4: text: . item-498 at level 4: text: [ 20 ] item-499 at level 4: text: Ducks have reached a number of isolated oceanic islands, including the item-500 at level 4: text: Hawaiian Islands item-501 at level 4: text: , item-502 at level 4: text: Micronesia item-503 at level 4: text: and the item-504 at level 4: text: Galápagos Islands item-505 at level 4: text: , where they are often item-506 at level 4: text: vagrants item-507 at level 4: text: and less often item-508 at level 4: text: residents item-509 at level 4: text: . item-510 at level 4: text: [ 21 ] item-511 at level 4: text: [ 22 ] item-512 at level 4: text: A handful are item-513 at level 4: text: endemic item-514 at level 4: text: to such far-flung islands. item-515 at level 4: text: [ 21 ] item-516 at level 3: picture item-516 at level 4: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall , England item-517 at level 3: inline: group group item-518 at level 4: text: Some duck species, mainly those ... that form after localised heavy rain. item-519 at level 4: text: [ 23 ] item-520 at level 2: section_header: Behaviour item-521 at level 3: section_header: Feeding item-522 at level 4: picture item-522 at level 5: caption: Pecten along the bill item-523 at level 4: inline: group group item-524 at level 5: text: Ducks eat food sources such as item-525 at level 5: text: grasses item-526 at level 5: text: , aquatic plants, fish, insects, small amphibians, worms, and small item-527 at level 5: text: molluscs item-528 at level 5: text: . item-529 at level 4: inline: group group item-530 at level 5: text: Dabbling ducks item-531 at level 5: text: feed on the surface of water or ... -ending without completely submerging. item-532 at level 5: text: [ 24 ] item-533 at level 5: text: Along the edge of the bill, there is a comb-like structure called a item-534 at level 5: text: pecten item-535 at level 5: text: . This strains the water squirti ... thers and to hold slippery food items. item-536 at level 4: inline: group group item-537 at level 5: text: Diving ducks item-538 at level 5: text: and item-539 at level 5: text: sea ducks item-540 at level 5: text: forage deep underwater. To be ab ... ave more difficulty taking off to fly. item-541 at level 4: inline: group group item-542 at level 5: text: A few specialized species such as the item-543 at level 5: text: mergansers item-544 at level 5: text: are adapted to catch and swallow large fish. item-545 at level 4: inline: group group item-546 at level 5: text: The others have the characteristic wide flat bill adapted to item-547 at level 5: text: dredging item-548 at level 5: text: -type jobs such as pulling up wa ... y when digging into sediment it has no item-549 at level 5: text: cere item-550 at level 5: text: , but the nostrils come out through hard horn. item-551 at level 4: inline: group group item-552 at level 5: text: The Guardian item-553 at level 5: text: published an article advising th ... hould not be fed with bread because it item-554 at level 5: text: damages the health of the ducks item-555 at level 5: text: and pollutes waterways. item-556 at level 5: text: [ 25 ] item-557 at level 3: section_header: Breeding item-558 at level 4: picture item-558 at level 5: caption: A Muscovy duckling item-559 at level 4: inline: group group item-560 at level 5: text: Ducks generally item-561 at level 5: text: only have one partner at a time item-562 at level 5: text: , although the partnership usually only lasts one year. item-563 at level 5: text: [ 26 ] item-564 at level 5: text: Larger species and the more sede ... e pair-bonds that last numerous years. item-565 at level 5: text: [ 27 ] item-566 at level 5: text: Most duck species breed once a y ... ng to do so in favourable conditions ( item-567 at level 5: text: spring item-568 at level 5: text: /summer or wet seasons). Ducks also tend to make a item-569 at level 5: text: nest item-570 at level 5: text: before breeding, and, after hatc ... out of (such as nesting in an enclosed item-571 at level 5: text: courtyard item-572 at level 5: text: ) or are not prospering due to g ... e nest and led her ducklings to water. item-573 at level 5: text: [ 28 ] item-574 at level 3: section_header: Communication item-575 at level 4: inline: group group item-576 at level 5: text: Female item-577 at level 5: text: mallard item-578 at level 5: text: ducks (as well as several other species in the genus item-579 at level 5: text: Anas item-580 at level 5: text: , such as the item-581 at level 5: text: American item-582 at level 5: text: and item-583 at level 5: text: Pacific black ducks item-584 at level 5: text: , item-585 at level 5: text: spot-billed duck item-586 at level 5: text: , item-587 at level 5: text: northern pintail item-588 at level 5: text: and item-589 at level 5: text: common teal item-590 at level 5: text: ) make the classic "quack" sound ... at is sometimes written as "breeeeze", item-591 at level 5: text: [ 29 ] item-592 at level 5: text: [ item-593 at level 5: text: self-published source? item-594 at level 5: text: ] item-595 at level 5: text: but, despite widespread misconce ... , most species of duck do not "quack". item-596 at level 5: text: [ 30 ] item-597 at level 5: text: In general, ducks make a range of item-598 at level 5: text: calls item-599 at level 5: text: , including whistles, cooing, yodels and grunts. For example, the item-600 at level 5: text: scaup item-601 at level 5: text: - which are item-602 at level 5: text: diving ducks item-603 at level 5: text: - make a noise like "scaup" (hen ... laying calls or quieter contact calls. item-604 at level 4: inline: group group item-605 at level 5: text: A common item-606 at level 5: text: urban legend item-607 at level 5: text: claims that duck quacks do not e ... y the Acoustics Research Centre at the item-608 at level 5: text: University of Salford item-609 at level 5: text: in 2003 as part of the item-610 at level 5: text: British Association item-611 at level 5: text: 's Festival of Science. item-612 at level 5: text: [ 31 ] item-613 at level 5: text: It was also debunked in item-614 at level 5: text: one of the earlier episodes item-615 at level 5: text: of the popular Discovery Channel television show item-616 at level 5: text: MythBusters item-617 at level 5: text: . item-618 at level 5: text: [ 32 ] item-619 at level 3: section_header: Predators item-620 at level 4: picture item-620 at level 5: caption: Ringed teal item-621 at level 4: inline: group group item-622 at level 5: text: Ducks have many predators. Duckl ... ory birds but also for large fish like item-623 at level 5: text: pike item-624 at level 5: text: , item-625 at level 5: text: crocodilians item-626 at level 5: text: , predatory item-627 at level 5: text: testudines item-628 at level 5: text: such as the item-629 at level 5: text: alligator snapping turtle item-630 at level 5: text: , and other aquatic hunters, including fish-eating birds such as item-631 at level 5: text: herons item-632 at level 5: text: . Ducks' nests are raided by lan ... naware on the nest by mammals, such as item-633 at level 5: text: foxes item-634 at level 5: text: , or large birds, such as item-635 at level 5: text: hawks item-636 at level 5: text: or item-637 at level 5: text: owls item-638 at level 5: text: . item-639 at level 4: inline: group group item-640 at level 5: text: Adult ducks are fast fliers, but ... ng big fish such as the North American item-641 at level 5: text: muskie item-642 at level 5: text: and the European item-643 at level 5: text: pike item-644 at level 5: text: . In flight, ducks are safe from ... a few predators such as humans and the item-645 at level 5: text: peregrine falcon item-646 at level 5: text: , which uses its speed and strength to catch ducks. item-647 at level 2: section_header: Relationship with humans item-648 at level 3: section_header: Hunting item-649 at level 4: inline: group group item-650 at level 5: text: Main article: item-651 at level 5: text: Waterfowl hunting item-652 at level 4: inline: group group item-653 at level 5: text: Humans have hunted ducks since prehistoric times. Excavations of item-654 at level 5: text: middens item-655 at level 5: text: in California dating to 7800 - 6400 item-656 at level 5: text: BP item-657 at level 5: text: have turned up bones of ducks, i ... st one now-extinct flightless species. item-658 at level 5: text: [ 33 ] item-659 at level 5: text: Ducks were captured in "significant numbers" by item-660 at level 5: text: Holocene item-661 at level 5: text: inhabitants of the lower item-662 at level 5: text: Ohio River item-663 at level 5: text: valley, suggesting they took adv ... ounty provided by migrating waterfowl. item-664 at level 5: text: [ 34 ] item-665 at level 5: text: Neolithic hunters in locations as far apart as the Caribbean, item-666 at level 5: text: [ 35 ] item-667 at level 5: text: Scandinavia, item-668 at level 5: text: [ 36 ] item-669 at level 5: text: Egypt, item-670 at level 5: text: [ 37 ] item-671 at level 5: text: Switzerland, item-672 at level 5: text: [ 38 ] item-673 at level 5: text: and China relied on ducks as a s ... f protein for some or all of the year. item-674 at level 5: text: [ 39 ] item-675 at level 5: text: Archeological evidence shows that item-676 at level 5: text: Māori people item-677 at level 5: text: in New Zealand hunted the flightless item-678 at level 5: text: Finsch's duck item-679 at level 5: text: , possibly to extinction, though ... may also have contributed to its fate. item-680 at level 5: text: [ 40 ] item-681 at level 5: text: A similar end awaited the item-682 at level 5: text: Chatham duck item-683 at level 5: text: , a species with reduced flying ... was colonised by Polynesian settlers. item-684 at level 5: text: [ 41 ] item-685 at level 5: text: It is probable that duck eggs we ... ugh hard evidence of this is uncommon. item-686 at level 5: text: [ 35 ] item-687 at level 5: text: [ 42 ] item-688 at level 4: inline: group group item-689 at level 5: text: In many areas, wild ducks (inclu ... he wild) are hunted for food or sport, item-690 at level 5: text: [ 43 ] item-691 at level 5: text: by shooting, or by being trapped using item-692 at level 5: text: duck decoys item-693 at level 5: text: . Because an idle floating duck ... n "an easy target". These ducks may be item-694 at level 5: text: contaminated by pollutants item-695 at level 5: text: such as item-696 at level 5: text: PCBs item-697 at level 5: text: . item-698 at level 5: text: [ 44 ] item-699 at level 3: section_header: Domestication item-700 at level 4: inline: group group item-701 at level 5: text: Main article: item-702 at level 5: text: Domestic duck item-703 at level 4: picture item-703 at level 5: caption: Indian Runner ducks , a common breed of domestic ducks item-704 at level 4: inline: group group item-705 at level 5: text: Ducks have many economic uses, b ... eggs, and feathers (particularly their item-706 at level 5: text: down item-707 at level 5: text: ). Approximately 3 billion ducks ... ughtered each year for meat worldwide. item-708 at level 5: text: [ 45 ] item-709 at level 5: text: They are also kept and bred by a ... domestic ducks are descended from the item-710 at level 5: text: mallard item-711 at level 5: text: ( item-712 at level 5: text: Anas platyrhynchos item-713 at level 5: text: ), apart from the item-714 at level 5: text: Muscovy duck item-715 at level 5: text: ( item-716 at level 5: text: Cairina moschata item-717 at level 5: text: ). item-718 at level 5: text: [ 46 ] item-719 at level 5: text: [ 47 ] item-720 at level 5: text: The item-721 at level 5: text: Call duck item-722 at level 5: text: is another example of a domestic ... as it weighs less than 1 kg (2.2 lb). item-723 at level 5: text: [ 48 ] item-724 at level 3: section_header: Heraldry item-725 at level 4: picture item-725 at level 5: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka [ 49 ] item-726 at level 4: inline: group group item-727 at level 5: text: Ducks appear on several item-728 at level 5: text: coats of arms item-729 at level 5: text: , including the coat of arms of item-730 at level 5: text: Lubāna item-731 at level 5: text: ( item-732 at level 5: text: Latvia item-733 at level 5: text: ) item-734 at level 5: text: [ 50 ] item-735 at level 5: text: and the coat of arms of item-736 at level 5: text: Föglö item-737 at level 5: text: ( item-738 at level 5: text: Åland item-739 at level 5: text: ). item-740 at level 5: text: [ 51 ] item-741 at level 3: section_header: Cultural references item-742 at level 4: inline: group group item-743 at level 5: text: In 2002, psychologist item-744 at level 5: text: Richard Wiseman item-745 at level 5: text: and colleagues at the item-746 at level 5: text: University of Hertfordshire item-747 at level 5: text: , item-748 at level 5: text: UK item-749 at level 5: text: , finished a year-long item-750 at level 5: text: LaughLab item-751 at level 5: text: experiment, concluding that of a ... involving an animal, make it a duck." item-752 at level 5: text: [ 52 ] item-753 at level 5: text: The word "duck" may have become an item-754 at level 5: text: inherently funny word item-755 at level 5: text: in many languages, possibly beca ... n their looks or behavior. Of the many item-756 at level 5: text: ducks in fiction item-757 at level 5: text: , many are cartoon characters, such as item-758 at level 5: text: Walt Disney item-759 at level 5: text: 's item-760 at level 5: text: Donald Duck item-761 at level 5: text: , and item-762 at level 5: text: Warner Bros. item-763 at level 5: text: ' item-764 at level 5: text: Daffy Duck item-765 at level 5: text: . item-766 at level 5: text: Howard the Duck item-767 at level 5: text: started as a comic book character in 1973 item-768 at level 5: text: [ 53 ] item-769 at level 5: text: [ 54 ] item-770 at level 5: text: and was made into a item-771 at level 5: text: movie item-772 at level 5: text: in 1986. item-773 at level 4: inline: group group item-774 at level 5: text: The 1992 Disney film item-775 at level 5: text: The Mighty Ducks item-776 at level 5: text: , starring item-777 at level 5: text: Emilio Estevez item-778 at level 5: text: , chose the duck as the mascot f ... e nickname and mascot for the eventual item-779 at level 5: text: National Hockey League item-780 at level 5: text: professional team of the item-781 at level 5: text: Anaheim Ducks item-782 at level 5: text: , who were founded with the name the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim. item-783 at level 5: text: [ item-784 at level 5: text: citation needed item-785 at level 5: text: ] item-786 at level 5: text: The duck is also the nickname of the item-787 at level 5: text: University of Oregon item-788 at level 5: text: sports teams as well as the item-789 at level 5: text: Long Island Ducks item-790 at level 5: text: minor league item-791 at level 5: text: baseball item-792 at level 5: text: team. item-793 at level 5: text: [ 55 ] item-794 at level 2: section_header: See also item-795 at level 3: list: group list item-796 at level 4: list_item: Birds portal item-797 at level 4: picture item-798 at level 3: list: group list item-799 at level 4: list_item: Domestic duck item-800 at level 4: list_item: Duck as food item-801 at level 4: list_item: Duck test item-802 at level 4: list_item: Duck breeds item-803 at level 4: list_item: Fictional ducks item-804 at level 4: list_item: Rubber duck item-805 at level 2: section_header: Notes item-806 at level 3: section_header: Citations item-807 at level 4: list: group ordered list item-808 at level 5: list_item: item-809 at level 6: inline: group group item-810 at level 7: text: ^ item-811 at level 7: text: "Duckling" item-812 at level 7: text: . item-813 at level 7: text: The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition item-814 at level 7: text: . Houghton Mifflin Company. 2006 . Retrieved 2015-05-22 . item-815 at level 5: list_item: item-816 at level 6: inline: group group item-817 at level 7: text: ^ item-818 at level 7: text: "Duckling" item-819 at level 7: text: . item-820 at level 7: text: Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary (Beta Version) item-821 at level 7: text: . K. Dictionaries Ltd. 2000-2006 . Retrieved 2015-05-22 . item-822 at level 5: list_item: item-823 at level 6: inline: group group item-824 at level 7: text: ^ item-825 at level 7: text: Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001). item-826 at level 7: text: The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds item-827 at level 7: text: . Yale University Press. item-828 at level 7: text: ISBN item-829 at level 7: text: 978-0300138139 item-830 at level 7: text: . item-831 at level 5: list_item: item-832 at level 6: inline: group group item-833 at level 7: text: ^ item-834 at level 7: text: Visca, Curt; Visca, Kelley (2003). item-835 at level 7: text: How to Draw Cartoon Birds item-836 at level 7: text: . The Rosen Publishing Group. item-837 at level 7: text: ISBN item-838 at level 7: text: 9780823961566 item-839 at level 7: text: . item-840 at level 5: list_item: item-841 at level 6: inline: group group item-842 at level 7: text: ^ item-843 at level 7: text: a item-844 at level 7: text: b item-845 at level 7: text: c item-846 at level 7: text: d item-847 at level 7: text: Carboneras 1992 item-848 at level 7: text: , p. 536. item-849 at level 5: list_item: item-850 at level 6: inline: group group item-851 at level 7: text: ^ item-852 at level 7: text: Livezey 1986 item-853 at level 7: text: , pp. 737-738. item-854 at level 5: list_item: item-855 at level 6: inline: group group item-856 at level 7: text: ^ item-857 at level 7: text: Madsen, McHugh & de Kloet 1988 item-858 at level 7: text: , p. 452. item-859 at level 5: list_item: item-860 at level 6: inline: group group item-861 at level 7: text: ^ item-862 at level 7: text: Donne-Goussé, Laudet & Hänni 2002 item-863 at level 7: text: , pp. 353-354. item-864 at level 5: list_item: item-865 at level 6: inline: group group item-866 at level 7: text: ^ item-867 at level 7: text: a item-868 at level 7: text: b item-869 at level 7: text: c item-870 at level 7: text: d item-871 at level 7: text: e item-872 at level 7: text: f item-873 at level 7: text: Carboneras 1992 item-874 at level 7: text: , p. 540. item-875 at level 5: list_item: item-876 at level 6: inline: group group item-877 at level 7: text: ^ item-878 at level 7: text: Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001 item-879 at level 7: text: , p. 191. item-880 at level 5: list_item: item-881 at level 6: inline: group group item-882 at level 7: text: ^ item-883 at level 7: text: Kear 2005 item-884 at level 7: text: , p. 448. item-885 at level 5: list_item: item-886 at level 6: inline: group group item-887 at level 7: text: ^ item-888 at level 7: text: Kear 2005 item-889 at level 7: text: , p. 622-623. item-890 at level 5: list_item: item-891 at level 6: inline: group group item-892 at level 7: text: ^ item-893 at level 7: text: Kear 2005 item-894 at level 7: text: , p. 686. item-895 at level 5: list_item: item-896 at level 6: inline: group group item-897 at level 7: text: ^ item-898 at level 7: text: Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001 item-899 at level 7: text: , p. 193. item-900 at level 5: list_item: item-901 at level 6: inline: group group item-902 at level 7: text: ^ item-903 at level 7: text: a item-904 at level 7: text: b item-905 at level 7: text: c item-906 at level 7: text: d item-907 at level 7: text: e item-908 at level 7: text: f item-909 at level 7: text: g item-910 at level 7: text: Carboneras 1992 item-911 at level 7: text: , p. 537. item-912 at level 5: list_item: item-913 at level 6: inline: group group item-914 at level 7: text: ^ item-915 at level 7: text: American Ornithologists' Union 1998 item-916 at level 7: text: , p. xix. item-917 at level 5: list_item: item-918 at level 6: inline: group group item-919 at level 7: text: ^ item-920 at level 7: text: American Ornithologists' Union 1998 item-921 at level 7: text: . item-922 at level 5: list_item: item-923 at level 6: inline: group group item-924 at level 7: text: ^ item-925 at level 7: text: Carboneras 1992 item-926 at level 7: text: , p. 538. item-927 at level 5: list_item: item-928 at level 6: inline: group group item-929 at level 7: text: ^ item-930 at level 7: text: Christidis & Boles 2008 item-931 at level 7: text: , p. 62. item-932 at level 5: list_item: item-933 at level 6: inline: group group item-934 at level 7: text: ^ item-935 at level 7: text: Shirihai 2008 item-936 at level 7: text: , pp. 239, 245. item-937 at level 5: list_item: item-938 at level 6: inline: group group item-939 at level 7: text: ^ item-940 at level 7: text: a item-941 at level 7: text: b item-942 at level 7: text: Pratt, Bruner & Berrett 1987 item-943 at level 7: text: , pp. 98-107. item-944 at level 5: list_item: item-945 at level 6: inline: group group item-946 at level 7: text: ^ item-947 at level 7: text: Fitter, Fitter & Hosking 2000 item-948 at level 7: text: , pp. 52-3. item-949 at level 5: list_item: item-950 at level 6: inline: group group item-951 at level 7: text: ^ item-952 at level 7: text: "Pacific Black Duck" item-953 at level 7: text: . item-954 at level 7: text: www.wiresnr.org item-955 at level 7: text: . Retrieved 2018-04-27 . item-956 at level 5: list_item: item-957 at level 6: inline: group group item-958 at level 7: text: ^ item-959 at level 7: text: Ogden, Evans. item-960 at level 7: text: "Dabbling Ducks" item-961 at level 7: text: . CWE . Retrieved 2006-11-02 . item-962 at level 5: list_item: item-963 at level 6: inline: group group item-964 at level 7: text: ^ item-965 at level 7: text: Karl Mathiesen (16 March 2015). item-966 at level 7: text: "Don't feed the ducks bread, say conservationists" item-967 at level 7: text: . item-968 at level 7: text: The Guardian item-969 at level 7: text: . Retrieved 13 November 2016 . item-970 at level 5: list_item: item-971 at level 6: inline: group group item-972 at level 7: text: ^ item-973 at level 7: text: Rohwer, Frank C.; Anderson, Mich ... air Formation in Migratory Waterfowl". item-974 at level 7: text: Current Ornithology item-975 at level 7: text: . pp. 187-221. item-976 at level 7: text: doi item-977 at level 7: text: : item-978 at level 7: text: 10.1007/978-1-4615-6787-5_4 item-979 at level 7: text: . item-980 at level 7: text: ISBN item-981 at level 7: text: 978-1-4615-6789-9 item-982 at level 7: text: . item-983 at level 5: list_item: item-984 at level 6: inline: group group item-985 at level 7: text: ^ item-986 at level 7: text: Smith, Cyndi M.; Cooke, Fred; Ro ... Goudie, R. Ian; Boyd, W. Sean (2000). item-987 at level 7: text: "Long-Term Pair Bonds in Harlequin Ducks" item-988 at level 7: text: . item-989 at level 7: text: The Condor item-990 at level 7: text: . item-991 at level 7: text: 102 item-992 at level 7: text: (1): 201-205. item-993 at level 7: text: doi item-994 at level 7: text: : item-995 at level 7: text: 10.1093/condor/102.1.201 item-996 at level 7: text: . item-997 at level 7: text: hdl item-998 at level 7: text: : item-999 at level 7: text: 10315/13797 item-1000 at level 7: text: . item-1001 at level 5: list_item: item-1002 at level 6: inline: group group item-1003 at level 7: text: ^ item-1004 at level 7: text: "If You Find An Orphaned Duckling - Wildlife Rehabber" item-1005 at level 7: text: . item-1006 at level 7: text: wildliferehabber.com item-1007 at level 7: text: . Archived from item-1008 at level 7: text: the original item-1009 at level 7: text: on 2018-09-23 . Retrieved 2018-12-22 . item-1010 at level 5: list_item: item-1011 at level 6: inline: group group item-1012 at level 7: text: ^ item-1013 at level 7: text: Carver, Heather (2011). item-1014 at level 7: text: The Duck Bible item-1015 at level 7: text: . Lulu.com. item-1016 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1017 at level 7: text: 9780557901562 item-1018 at level 7: text: . item-1019 at level 7: text: [ item-1020 at level 7: text: self-published source item-1021 at level 7: text: ] item-1022 at level 5: list_item: item-1023 at level 6: inline: group group item-1024 at level 7: text: ^ item-1025 at level 7: text: Titlow, Budd (2013-09-03). item-1026 at level 7: text: Bird Brains: Inside the Strange Minds of Our Fine Feathered Friends item-1027 at level 7: text: . Rowman & Littlefield. item-1028 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1029 at level 7: text: 9780762797707 item-1030 at level 7: text: . item-1031 at level 5: list_item: item-1032 at level 6: inline: group group item-1033 at level 7: text: ^ item-1034 at level 7: text: Amos, Jonathan (2003-09-08). item-1035 at level 7: text: "Sound science is quackers" item-1036 at level 7: text: . item-1037 at level 7: text: BBC News item-1038 at level 7: text: . Retrieved 2006-11-02 . item-1039 at level 5: list_item: item-1040 at level 6: inline: group group item-1041 at level 7: text: ^ item-1042 at level 7: text: "Mythbusters Episode 8" item-1043 at level 7: text: . 12 December 2003. item-1044 at level 5: list_item: item-1045 at level 6: inline: group group item-1046 at level 7: text: ^ item-1047 at level 7: text: Erlandson 1994 item-1048 at level 7: text: , p. 171. item-1049 at level 5: list_item: item-1050 at level 6: inline: group group item-1051 at level 7: text: ^ item-1052 at level 7: text: Jeffries 2008 item-1053 at level 7: text: , pp. 168, 243. item-1054 at level 5: list_item: item-1055 at level 6: inline: group group item-1056 at level 7: text: ^ item-1057 at level 7: text: a item-1058 at level 7: text: b item-1059 at level 7: text: Sued-Badillo 2003 item-1060 at level 7: text: , p. 65. item-1061 at level 5: list_item: item-1062 at level 6: inline: group group item-1063 at level 7: text: ^ item-1064 at level 7: text: Thorpe 1996 item-1065 at level 7: text: , p. 68. item-1066 at level 5: list_item: item-1067 at level 6: inline: group group item-1068 at level 7: text: ^ item-1069 at level 7: text: Maisels 1999 item-1070 at level 7: text: , p. 42. item-1071 at level 5: list_item: item-1072 at level 6: inline: group group item-1073 at level 7: text: ^ item-1074 at level 7: text: Rau 1876 item-1075 at level 7: text: , p. 133. item-1076 at level 5: list_item: item-1077 at level 6: inline: group group item-1078 at level 7: text: ^ item-1079 at level 7: text: Higman 2012 item-1080 at level 7: text: , p. 23. item-1081 at level 5: list_item: item-1082 at level 6: inline: group group item-1083 at level 7: text: ^ item-1084 at level 7: text: Hume 2012 item-1085 at level 7: text: , p. 53. item-1086 at level 5: list_item: item-1087 at level 6: inline: group group item-1088 at level 7: text: ^ item-1089 at level 7: text: Hume 2012 item-1090 at level 7: text: , p. 52. item-1091 at level 5: list_item: item-1092 at level 6: inline: group group item-1093 at level 7: text: ^ item-1094 at level 7: text: Fieldhouse 2002 item-1095 at level 7: text: , p. 167. item-1096 at level 5: list_item: item-1097 at level 6: inline: group group item-1098 at level 7: text: ^ item-1099 at level 7: text: Livingston, A. D. (1998-01-01). item-1100 at level 7: text: Guide to Edible Plants and Animals item-1101 at level 7: text: . Wordsworth Editions, Limited. item-1102 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1103 at level 7: text: 9781853263774 item-1104 at level 7: text: . item-1105 at level 5: list_item: item-1106 at level 6: inline: group group item-1107 at level 7: text: ^ item-1108 at level 7: text: "Study plan for waterfowl injury ... ns in Hudson river resident waterfowl" item-1109 at level 7: text: (PDF) . item-1110 at level 7: text: New York State Department of Environmental Conservation item-1111 at level 7: text: . US Department of Commerce. December 2008. p. 3. item-1112 at level 7: text: Archived item-1113 at level 7: text: (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09 . Retrieved 2 July 2019 . item-1114 at level 5: list_item: item-1115 at level 6: inline: group group item-1116 at level 7: text: ^ item-1117 at level 7: text: "FAOSTAT" item-1118 at level 7: text: . item-1119 at level 7: text: www.fao.org item-1120 at level 7: text: . Retrieved 2019-10-25 . item-1121 at level 5: list_item: item-1122 at level 6: inline: group group item-1123 at level 7: text: ^ item-1124 at level 7: text: "Anas platyrhynchos, Domestic Du ... f - The University of Texas at Austin" item-1125 at level 7: text: . Digimorph.org . Retrieved 2012-12-23 . item-1126 at level 5: list_item: item-1127 at level 6: inline: group group item-1128 at level 7: text: ^ item-1129 at level 7: text: Sy Montgomery. item-1130 at level 7: text: "Mallard; Encyclopædia Britannica" item-1131 at level 7: text: . item-1132 at level 7: text: Britannica.com item-1133 at level 7: text: . Retrieved 2012-12-23 . item-1134 at level 5: list_item: item-1135 at level 6: inline: group group item-1136 at level 7: text: ^ item-1137 at level 7: text: Glenday, Craig (2014). item-1138 at level 7: text: Guinness World Records item-1139 at level 7: text: . Guinness World Records Limited. pp. item-1140 at level 7: text: 135 item-1141 at level 7: text: . item-1142 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1143 at level 7: text: 978-1-908843-15-9 item-1144 at level 7: text: . item-1145 at level 5: list_item: item-1146 at level 6: inline: group group item-1147 at level 7: text: ^ item-1148 at level 7: text: Suomen kunnallisvaakunat item-1149 at level 7: text: (in Finnish). Suomen Kunnallisliitto. 1982. p. 147. item-1150 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1151 at level 7: text: 951-773-085-3 item-1152 at level 7: text: . item-1153 at level 5: list_item: item-1154 at level 6: inline: group group item-1155 at level 7: text: ^ item-1156 at level 7: text: "Lubānas simbolika" item-1157 at level 7: text: (in Latvian) . Retrieved September 9, 2021 . item-1158 at level 5: list_item: item-1159 at level 6: inline: group group item-1160 at level 7: text: ^ item-1161 at level 7: text: "Föglö" item-1162 at level 7: text: (in Swedish) . Retrieved September 9, 2021 . item-1163 at level 5: list_item: item-1164 at level 6: inline: group group item-1165 at level 7: text: ^ item-1166 at level 7: text: Young, Emma. item-1167 at level 7: text: "World's funniest joke revealed" item-1168 at level 7: text: . item-1169 at level 7: text: New Scientist item-1170 at level 7: text: . Retrieved 7 January 2019 . item-1171 at level 5: list_item: item-1172 at level 6: inline: group group item-1173 at level 7: text: ^ item-1174 at level 7: text: "Howard the Duck (character)" item-1175 at level 7: text: . item-1176 at level 7: text: Grand Comics Database item-1177 at level 7: text: . item-1178 at level 5: list_item: item-1179 at level 6: inline: group group item-1180 at level 7: text: ^ item-1181 at level 7: text: Sanderson, Peter item-1182 at level 7: text: ; Gilbert, Laura (2008). "1970s". item-1183 at level 7: text: Marvel Chronicle A Year by Year History item-1184 at level 7: text: . London, United Kingdom: item-1185 at level 7: text: Dorling Kindersley item-1186 at level 7: text: . p. 161. item-1187 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1188 at level 7: text: 978-0756641238 item-1189 at level 7: text: . December saw the debut of the ... luding this bad-tempered talking duck. item-1190 at level 5: list_item: item-1191 at level 6: inline: group group item-1192 at level 7: text: ^ item-1193 at level 7: text: "The Duck" item-1194 at level 7: text: . item-1195 at level 7: text: University of Oregon Athletics item-1196 at level 7: text: . Retrieved 2022-01-20 . item-1197 at level 3: section_header: Sources item-1198 at level 4: list: group list item-1199 at level 5: list_item: item-1200 at level 6: inline: group group item-1201 at level 7: text: American Ornithologists' Union (1998). item-1202 at level 7: text: Checklist of North American Birds item-1203 at level 7: text: (PDF) . Washington, DC: American Ornithologists' Union. item-1204 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1205 at level 7: text: 978-1-891276-00-2 item-1206 at level 7: text: . item-1207 at level 7: text: Archived item-1208 at level 7: text: (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. item-1209 at level 5: list_item: item-1210 at level 6: inline: group group item-1211 at level 7: text: Carboneras, Carlos (1992). del H ... liott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (eds.). item-1212 at level 7: text: Handbook of the Birds of the World item-1213 at level 7: text: . Vol. 1: Ostrich to Ducks. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. item-1214 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1215 at level 7: text: 978-84-87334-10-8 item-1216 at level 7: text: . item-1217 at level 5: list_item: item-1218 at level 6: inline: group group item-1219 at level 7: text: Christidis, Les; Boles, Walter E., eds. (2008). item-1220 at level 7: text: Systematics and Taxonomy of Australian Birds item-1221 at level 7: text: . Collingwood, VIC: Csiro Publishing. item-1222 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1223 at level 7: text: 978-0-643-06511-6 item-1224 at level 7: text: . item-1225 at level 5: list_item: item-1226 at level 6: inline: group group item-1227 at level 7: text: Donne-Goussé, Carole; Laudet, Vi ... based on mitochondrial DNA analysis". item-1228 at level 7: text: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution item-1229 at level 7: text: . item-1230 at level 7: text: 23 item-1231 at level 7: text: (3): 339-356. item-1232 at level 7: text: Bibcode item-1233 at level 7: text: : item-1234 at level 7: text: 2002MolPE..23..339D item-1235 at level 7: text: . item-1236 at level 7: text: doi item-1237 at level 7: text: : item-1238 at level 7: text: 10.1016/S1055-7903(02)00019-2 item-1239 at level 7: text: . item-1240 at level 7: text: PMID item-1241 at level 7: text: 12099792 item-1242 at level 7: text: . item-1243 at level 5: list_item: item-1244 at level 6: inline: group group item-1245 at level 7: text: Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. Jr.; Sibley, David, eds. (2001). item-1246 at level 7: text: The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behaviour item-1247 at level 7: text: . London: Christopher Helm. item-1248 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1249 at level 7: text: 978-0-7136-6250-4 item-1250 at level 7: text: . item-1251 at level 5: list_item: item-1252 at level 6: inline: group group item-1253 at level 7: text: Erlandson, Jon M. (1994). item-1254 at level 7: text: Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast item-1255 at level 7: text: . New York, NY: Springer Science & Business Media. item-1256 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1257 at level 7: text: 978-1-4419-3231-0 item-1258 at level 7: text: . item-1259 at level 5: list_item: item-1260 at level 6: inline: group group item-1261 at level 7: text: Fieldhouse, Paul (2002). item-1262 at level 7: text: Food, Feasts, and Faith: An Ency ... dia of Food Culture in World Religions item-1263 at level 7: text: . Vol. I: A-K. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. item-1264 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1265 at level 7: text: 978-1-61069-412-4 item-1266 at level 7: text: . item-1267 at level 5: list_item: item-1268 at level 6: inline: group group item-1269 at level 7: text: Fitter, Julian; Fitter, Daniel; Hosking, David (2000). item-1270 at level 7: text: Wildlife of the Galápagos item-1271 at level 7: text: . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. item-1272 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1273 at level 7: text: 978-0-691-10295-5 item-1274 at level 7: text: . item-1275 at level 5: list_item: item-1276 at level 6: inline: group group item-1277 at level 7: text: Higman, B. W. (2012). item-1278 at level 7: text: How Food Made History item-1279 at level 7: text: . Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. item-1280 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1281 at level 7: text: 978-1-4051-8947-7 item-1282 at level 7: text: . item-1283 at level 5: list_item: item-1284 at level 6: inline: group group item-1285 at level 7: text: Hume, Julian H. (2012). item-1286 at level 7: text: Extinct Birds item-1287 at level 7: text: . London: Christopher Helm. item-1288 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1289 at level 7: text: 978-1-4729-3744-5 item-1290 at level 7: text: . item-1291 at level 5: list_item: item-1292 at level 6: inline: group group item-1293 at level 7: text: Jeffries, Richard (2008). item-1294 at level 7: text: Holocene Hunter-Gatherers of the Lower Ohio River Valley item-1295 at level 7: text: . Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press. item-1296 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1297 at level 7: text: 978-0-8173-1658-7 item-1298 at level 7: text: . item-1299 at level 5: list_item: item-1300 at level 6: inline: group group item-1301 at level 7: text: Kear, Janet, ed. (2005). item-1302 at level 7: text: Ducks, Geese and Swans: Species Accounts ( item-1303 at level 7: text: Cairina item-1304 at level 7: text: to item-1305 at level 7: text: Mergus item-1306 at level 7: text: ) item-1307 at level 7: text: . Bird Families of the World. Oxford: Oxford University Press. item-1308 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1309 at level 7: text: 978-0-19-861009-0 item-1310 at level 7: text: . item-1311 at level 5: list_item: item-1312 at level 6: inline: group group item-1313 at level 7: text: Livezey, Bradley C. (October 1986). item-1314 at level 7: text: "A phylogenetic analysis of rece ... genera using morphological characters" item-1315 at level 7: text: (PDF) . item-1316 at level 7: text: The Auk item-1317 at level 7: text: . item-1318 at level 7: text: 103 item-1319 at level 7: text: (4): 737-754. item-1320 at level 7: text: doi item-1321 at level 7: text: : item-1322 at level 7: text: 10.1093/auk/103.4.737 item-1323 at level 7: text: . item-1324 at level 7: text: Archived item-1325 at level 7: text: (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. item-1326 at level 5: list_item: item-1327 at level 6: inline: group group item-1328 at level 7: text: Madsen, Cort S.; McHugh, Kevin P.; de Kloet, Siwo R. (July 1988). item-1329 at level 7: text: "A partial classification of wat ... l (Anatidae) based on single-copy DNA" item-1330 at level 7: text: (PDF) . item-1331 at level 7: text: The Auk item-1332 at level 7: text: . item-1333 at level 7: text: 105 item-1334 at level 7: text: (3): 452-459. item-1335 at level 7: text: doi item-1336 at level 7: text: : item-1337 at level 7: text: 10.1093/auk/105.3.452 item-1338 at level 7: text: . item-1339 at level 7: text: Archived item-1340 at level 7: text: (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09. item-1341 at level 5: list_item: item-1342 at level 6: inline: group group item-1343 at level 7: text: Maisels, Charles Keith (1999). item-1344 at level 7: text: Early Civilizations of the Old World item-1345 at level 7: text: . London: Routledge. item-1346 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1347 at level 7: text: 978-0-415-10975-8 item-1348 at level 7: text: . item-1349 at level 5: list_item: item-1350 at level 6: inline: group group item-1351 at level 7: text: Pratt, H. Douglas; Bruner, Phillip L.; Berrett, Delwyn G. (1987). item-1352 at level 7: text: A Field Guide to the Birds of Hawaii and the Tropical Pacific item-1353 at level 7: text: . Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. item-1354 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1355 at level 7: text: 0-691-02399-9 item-1356 at level 7: text: . item-1357 at level 5: list_item: item-1358 at level 6: inline: group group item-1359 at level 7: text: Rau, Charles (1876). item-1360 at level 7: text: Early Man in Europe item-1361 at level 7: text: . New York: Harper & Brothers. item-1362 at level 7: text: LCCN item-1363 at level 7: text: 05040168 item-1364 at level 7: text: . item-1365 at level 5: list_item: item-1366 at level 6: inline: group group item-1367 at level 7: text: Shirihai, Hadoram (2008). item-1368 at level 7: text: A Complete Guide to Antarctic Wildlife item-1369 at level 7: text: . Princeton, NJ, US: Princeton University Press. item-1370 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1371 at level 7: text: 978-0-691-13666-0 item-1372 at level 7: text: . item-1373 at level 5: list_item: item-1374 at level 6: inline: group group item-1375 at level 7: text: Sued-Badillo, Jalil (2003). item-1376 at level 7: text: Autochthonous Societies item-1377 at level 7: text: . General History of the Caribbean. Paris: UNESCO. item-1378 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1379 at level 7: text: 978-92-3-103832-7 item-1380 at level 7: text: . item-1381 at level 5: list_item: item-1382 at level 6: inline: group group item-1383 at level 7: text: Thorpe, I. J. (1996). item-1384 at level 7: text: The Origins of Agriculture in Europe item-1385 at level 7: text: . New York: Routledge. item-1386 at level 7: text: ISBN item-1387 at level 7: text: 978-0-415-08009-5 item-1388 at level 7: text: . item-1389 at level 2: section_header: External links item-1390 at level 3: inline: group group item-1391 at level 4: text: Duck item-1392 at level 4: text: at Wikipedia's item-1393 at level 4: text: sister projects item-1394 at level 3: list: group list item-1395 at level 4: list_item: item-1396 at level 5: inline: group group item-1397 at level 6: text: Definitions item-1398 at level 6: text: from Wiktionary item-1399 at level 4: picture item-1400 at level 4: list_item: item-1401 at level 5: inline: group group item-1402 at level 6: text: Media item-1403 at level 6: text: from Commons item-1404 at level 4: picture item-1405 at level 4: list_item: item-1406 at level 5: inline: group group item-1407 at level 6: text: Quotations item-1408 at level 6: text: from Wikiquote item-1409 at level 4: picture item-1410 at level 4: list_item: item-1411 at level 5: inline: group group item-1412 at level 6: text: Recipes item-1413 at level 6: text: from Wikibooks item-1414 at level 4: picture item-1415 at level 4: list_item: item-1416 at level 5: inline: group group item-1417 at level 6: text: Taxa item-1418 at level 6: text: from Wikispecies item-1419 at level 4: picture item-1420 at level 4: list_item: item-1421 at level 5: inline: group group item-1422 at level 6: text: Data item-1423 at level 6: text: from Wikidata item-1424 at level 4: picture item-1425 at level 3: list: group list item-1426 at level 4: list_item: item-1427 at level 5: inline: group group item-1428 at level 6: text: list of books item-1429 at level 6: text: (useful looking abstracts) item-1430 at level 4: list_item: item-1431 at level 5: inline: group group item-1432 at level 6: text: Ducks on postage stamps item-1433 at level 6: text: Archived item-1434 at level 6: text: 2013-05-13 at the item-1435 at level 6: text: Wayback Machine item-1436 at level 4: list_item: item-1437 at level 5: inline: group group item-1438 at level 6: text: Ducks at a Distance, by Rob Hines item-1439 at level 6: text: at item-1440 at level 6: text: Project Gutenberg item-1441 at level 6: text: - A modern illustrated guide to identification of US waterfowl item-1442 at level 3: table with [3x2] item-1443 at level 4: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_2_0_0 item-1444 at level 5: text: Authority control databases item-1445 at level 5: picture item-1445 at level 6: caption: Edit this at Wikidata item-1446 at level 4: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_2_0_1 item-1447 at level 5: list: group list item-1448 at level 6: list_item: United States item-1449 at level 6: list_item: France item-1450 at level 6: list_item: BnF data item-1451 at level 6: list_item: Japan item-1452 at level 6: list_item: Latvia item-1453 at level 6: list_item: Israel item-1454 at level 4: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_2_0_2 item-1455 at level 5: list: group list item-1456 at level 6: list_item: IdRef item-1457 at level 3: picture item-1458 at level 3: inline: group group item-1459 at level 4: text: Retrieved from " item-1460 at level 4: text: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duck&oldid=1246843351 item-1461 at level 4: text: " item-1462 at level 3: text: Categories item-1463 at level 3: text: : item-1464 at level 3: list: group list item-1465 at level 4: list_item: Ducks item-1466 at level 4: list_item: Game birds item-1467 at level 4: list_item: Bird common names item-1468 at level 3: text: Hidden categories: item-1469 at level 3: list: group list item-1470 at level 4: list_item: All accuracy disputes item-1471 at level 4: list_item: Accuracy disputes from February 2020 item-1472 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi) item-1473 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv) item-1474 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv) item-1475 at level 4: list_item: Articles with short description item-1476 at level 4: list_item: Short description is different from Wikidata item-1477 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages item-1478 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages item-1479 at level 4: list_item: Articles with 'species' microformats item-1480 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text item-1481 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Dutch-language text item-1482 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing German-language text item-1483 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Norwegian-language text item-1484 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Lithuanian-language text item-1485 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text item-1486 at level 4: list_item: All articles with self-published sources item-1487 at level 4: list_item: Articles with self-published sources from February 2020 item-1488 at level 4: list_item: All articles with unsourced statements item-1489 at level 4: list_item: Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022 item-1490 at level 4: list_item: CS1: long volume value item-1491 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch item-1492 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata item-1493 at level 4: list_item: Webarchive template wayback links item-1494 at level 4: list_item: Articles with Project Gutenberg links item-1495 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing video clips item-1496 at level 3: list: group list item-1497 at level 1: caption: Page semi-protected item-1498 at level 1: caption: Edit this classification item-1499 at level 1: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck" item-1500 at level 1: caption: Male mallard . item-1501 at level 1: caption: Wood ducks . item-1502 at level 1: caption: Mallard landing in approach item-1503 at level 1: caption: Male Mandarin duck item-1504 at level 1: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia , Argentina item-1505 at level 1: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall , England item-1506 at level 1: caption: Pecten along the bill item-1507 at level 1: caption: A Muscovy duckling item-1508 at level 1: caption: Ringed teal item-1509 at level 1: caption: Indian Runner ducks , a common breed of domestic ducks item-1510 at level 1: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka [ 49 ] item-1511 at level 1: caption: Edit this at Wikidata