docling/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/10-1055-s-0044-1786809.nxml.itxt

item-0 at level 0: unspecified: group _root_
  item-1 at level 1: title: Exploring Causal Relationships b ... erans: A Mendelian Randomization Study
  item-2 at level 1: paragraph: Bihui Zhang; Department of Inter ... versity First Hospital, Beijing, China
  item-3 at level 1: text: Background Thromboangiitis oblit ... ective therapeutic strategies for TAO.
  item-4 at level 1: section_header: Introduction
    item-5 at level 2: text: Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) ... d 74%, and 19 and 66%, respectively. 4
    item-6 at level 2: text: An immune-mediated response is i ... ew diagnostic and therapeutic avenues.
    item-7 at level 2: text: Mendelian randomization (MR) is  ...  levels on the risk of developing TAO.
  item-8 at level 1: section_header: Study Design
    item-9 at level 2: text: The current research represents  ... numbers GCST90274758 to GCST90274848).
    item-10 at level 2: text: Flowchart of the study is shown  ... ), and ICD-10 (I73.1) classifications.
  item-11 at level 1: section_header: Instrumental Variable Selection
    item-12 at level 2: text: We employed comprehensive GWAS s ...  (available in the online version). 14
  item-13 at level 1: section_header: Statistical Analysis
    item-14 at level 2: text: The random-effects inverse varia ...  overlap with the FinnGen database. 20
    item-15 at level 2: text: Heterogeneity among individual S ...  packages in R software version 4.3.2.
  item-16 at level 1: section_header: Selection of Instrumental Variables
    item-17 at level 2: text: The association between 91 circu ... SNPs, and stem cell factor to 36 SNPs.
  item-18 at level 1: section_header: The Causal Role of Inflammation-Related Proteins in TAO
    item-19 at level 2: text: Elevated genetically predicted C ... 9) suggested an increased risk of TAO.
  item-20 at level 1: section_header: Sensitivity Analysis
    item-21 at level 2: text: MR–Egger regression intercepts w ... al relationships, as shown in Fig. 5 .
  item-22 at level 1: section_header: MVMR Analysis
    item-23 at level 2: text: Fig. 6 reveals that, even after  ... stem cell factor ( p  = 0.159) on TAO.
  item-24 at level 1: section_header: Discussion
    item-25 at level 2: text: C–C motif chemokines, a subfamil ...  a biomarker and a therapeutic target.
    item-26 at level 2: text: CCL23, also known as myeloid pro ... r investigation into its precise role.
    item-27 at level 2: text: GDNF was first discovered as a p ... athways, akin to its action in IBD. 34
  item-28 at level 1: section_header: Figures
  item-30 at level 1: picture
    item-30 at level 2: caption: Fig. 1 The flowchart of the study. The whole workflow of MR analysis. GWAS, genome-wide association study; TAO, thromboangiitis obliterans; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; MR, Mendelian randomization.
  item-32 at level 1: picture
    item-32 at level 2: caption: Fig. 2 Causal relationship between circulating inflammatory proteins and TAO. TAO, thromboangiitis obliterans.
  item-34 at level 1: picture
    item-34 at level 2: caption: Fig. 3 Scatter plots for the causal association between circulating inflammatory proteins and TAO. TAO, thromboangiitis obliterans.
  item-36 at level 1: picture
    item-36 at level 2: caption: Fig. 4 Funnel plots of circulating inflammatory proteins.
  item-38 at level 1: picture
    item-38 at level 2: caption: Fig. 5 Leave-one-out plots for the causal association between circulating inflammatory proteins and TAO. TAO, thromboangiitis obliterans.
  item-40 at level 1: picture
    item-40 at level 2: caption: Fig. 6 Results from multivariable Mendelian randomization analysis on the impact of circulating inflammatory proteins on TAO, after adjusting for genetically predicted smoking. IVW, inverse variance weighting; TAO, thromboangiitis obliterans.
  item-41 at level 1: section_header: References
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