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docling/tests/data/groundtruth/docling_v2/wiki_duck.html.itxt
Legoshi a30e6a7614 feat(backend): add generic options support and HTML image handling modes (#2011) 
* feat: add backend options support to document backends

Co-authored-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leg0shii <dragonsaremyfavourite@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* feat: enhance document backends with generic backend options and improve HTML image handling

Co-authored-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leg0shii <dragonsaremyfavourite@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* Refactor tests for declarativebackend

Co-authored-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leg0shii <dragonsaremyfavourite@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* fix(HTML): improve image caption handling and ensure backend options are set correctly

Co-authored-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leg0shii <dragonsaremyfavourite@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* fix: enhance HTML backend image handling and add support for local file paths

Co-authored-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leg0shii <dragonsaremyfavourite@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* chore: Add ground truth data for test data

Co-authored-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leg0shii <dragonsaremyfavourite@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* fix(HTML): skip loading SVG files in image data handling

Co-authored-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Leg0shii <dragonsaremyfavourite@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* refactor(html): simplify backend options and address gaps

Backend options for DeclarativeDocumentBackend classes and only when necessary.
Refactor caption parsing in 'img' elements and remove dummy text.
Replace deprecated annotations from Typing library with native types.
Replace typing annotations according to pydantic guidelines.
Some documentation with pydantic annotations.
Fix diff issue with test files.

Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* tests(html): add tests and fix bugs

Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* refactor(html): refactor backend options

Move backend option classes to its own module within datamodel package.
Rename 'source_location' with 'source_uri' in HTMLBackendOptions.
Rename 'image_fetch' with 'fetch_images' in HTMLBackendOptions.

Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

* refactor(markdown): create a class for the markdown backend options

Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>

---------

Signed-off-by: Leg0shii <dragonsaremyfavourite@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>
Co-authored-by: Cesar Berrospi Ramis <ceb@zurich.ibm.com>
2025-10-21 12:52:17 +02:00

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item-0 at level 0: unspecified: group _root_
item-1 at level 1: section: group header-1
item-2 at level 2: section_header: Contents
item-3 at level 3: text: move to sidebar
item-4 at level 3: text: hide
item-5 at level 3: list: group list
item-6 at level 4: list_item: (Top)
item-7 at level 4: list_item: 1 Etymology
item-8 at level 5: list: group list
item-9 at level 4: list_item: 2 Taxonomy
item-10 at level 5: list: group list
item-11 at level 4: list_item: 3 Morphology
item-12 at level 5: list: group list
item-13 at level 4: list_item: 4 Distribution and habitat
item-14 at level 5: list: group list
item-15 at level 4: list_item:
item-16 at level 5: inline: group group
item-17 at level 6: text: 5 Behaviour
item-18 at level 6: text: Toggle Behaviour subsection
item-19 at level 5: list: group list
item-20 at level 6: list_item: 5.1 Feeding
item-21 at level 7: list: group list
item-22 at level 6: list_item: 5.2 Breeding
item-23 at level 7: list: group list
item-24 at level 6: list_item: 5.3 Communication
item-25 at level 7: list: group list
item-26 at level 6: list_item: 5.4 Predators
item-27 at level 7: list: group list
item-28 at level 4: list_item:
item-29 at level 5: inline: group group
item-30 at level 6: text: 6 Relationship with humans
item-31 at level 6: text: Toggle Relationship with humans subsection
item-32 at level 5: list: group list
item-33 at level 6: list_item: 6.1 Hunting
item-34 at level 7: list: group list
item-35 at level 6: list_item: 6.2 Domestication
item-36 at level 7: list: group list
item-37 at level 6: list_item: 6.3 Heraldry
item-38 at level 7: list: group list
item-39 at level 6: list_item: 6.4 Cultural references
item-40 at level 7: list: group list
item-41 at level 4: list_item: 7 See also
item-42 at level 5: list: group list
item-43 at level 4: list_item:
item-44 at level 5: inline: group group
item-45 at level 6: text: 8 Notes
item-46 at level 6: text: Toggle Notes subsection
item-47 at level 5: list: group list
item-48 at level 6: list_item: 8.1 Citations
item-49 at level 7: list: group list
item-50 at level 6: list_item: 8.2 Sources
item-51 at level 7: list: group list
item-52 at level 4: list_item: 9 External links
item-53 at level 5: list: group list
item-54 at level 3: text: Toggle the table of contents
item-55 at level 1: title: Duck
item-56 at level 2: text: 136 languages
item-57 at level 2: list: group list
item-58 at level 3: list_item: Acèh
item-59 at level 3: list_item: Afrikaans
item-60 at level 3: list_item: Alemannisch
item-61 at level 3: list_item: አማርኛ
item-62 at level 3: list_item: Ænglisc
item-63 at level 3: list_item: العربية
item-64 at level 3: list_item: Aragonés
item-65 at level 3: list_item: ܐܪܡܝܐ
item-66 at level 3: list_item: Armãneashti
item-67 at level 3: list_item: Asturianu
item-68 at level 3: list_item: Atikamekw
item-69 at level 3: list_item: Авар
item-70 at level 3: list_item: Aymar aru
item-71 at level 3: list_item: تۆرکجه
item-72 at level 3: list_item: Basa Bali
item-73 at level 3: list_item: বাংলা
item-74 at level 3: list_item: 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú
item-75 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская
item-76 at level 3: list_item: Беларуская (тарашкевіца)
item-77 at level 3: list_item: Bikol Central
item-78 at level 3: list_item: Български
item-79 at level 3: list_item: Brezhoneg
item-80 at level 3: list_item: Буряад
item-81 at level 3: list_item: Català
item-82 at level 3: list_item: Чӑвашла
item-83 at level 3: list_item: Čeština
item-84 at level 3: list_item: ChiShona
item-85 at level 3: list_item: Cymraeg
item-86 at level 3: list_item: Dagbanli
item-87 at level 3: list_item: Dansk
item-88 at level 3: list_item: Deitsch
item-89 at level 3: list_item: Deutsch
item-90 at level 3: list_item: डोटेली
item-91 at level 3: list_item: Ελληνικά
item-92 at level 3: list_item: Emiliàn e rumagnòl
item-93 at level 3: list_item: Español
item-94 at level 3: list_item: Esperanto
item-95 at level 3: list_item: Euskara
item-96 at level 3: list_item: فارسی
item-97 at level 3: list_item: Français
item-98 at level 3: list_item: Gaeilge
item-99 at level 3: list_item: Galego
item-100 at level 3: list_item: ГӀалгӀай
item-101 at level 3: list_item: 贛語
item-102 at level 3: list_item: گیلکی
item-103 at level 3: list_item: 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺
item-104 at level 3: list_item: गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni
item-105 at level 3: list_item: 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî
item-106 at level 3: list_item: 한국어
item-107 at level 3: list_item: Hausa
item-108 at level 3: list_item: Հայերեն
item-109 at level 3: list_item: हिन्दी
item-110 at level 3: list_item: Hrvatski
item-111 at level 3: list_item: Ido
item-112 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Indonesia
item-113 at level 3: list_item: Iñupiatun
item-114 at level 3: list_item: Íslenska
item-115 at level 3: list_item: Italiano
item-116 at level 3: list_item: עברית
item-117 at level 3: list_item: Jawa
item-118 at level 3: list_item: ಕನ್ನಡ
item-119 at level 3: list_item: Kapampangan
item-120 at level 3: list_item: ქართული
item-121 at level 3: list_item: कॉशुर / کٲشُر
item-122 at level 3: list_item: Қазақша
item-123 at level 3: list_item: Ikirundi
item-124 at level 3: list_item: Kongo
item-125 at level 3: list_item: Kreyòl ayisyen
item-126 at level 3: list_item: Кырык мары
item-127 at level 3: list_item: ລາວ
item-128 at level 3: list_item: Latina
item-129 at level 3: list_item: Latviešu
item-130 at level 3: list_item: Lietuvių
item-131 at level 3: list_item: Li Niha
item-132 at level 3: list_item: Ligure
item-133 at level 3: list_item: Limburgs
item-134 at level 3: list_item: Lingála
item-135 at level 3: list_item: Malagasy
item-136 at level 3: list_item: മലയാളം
item-137 at level 3: list_item: मराठी
item-138 at level 3: list_item: مازِرونی
item-139 at level 3: list_item: Bahasa Melayu
item-140 at level 3: list_item: ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ
item-141 at level 3: list_item: 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
item-142 at level 3: list_item: Мокшень
item-143 at level 3: list_item: Монгол
item-144 at level 3: list_item: မြန်မာဘာသာ
item-145 at level 3: list_item: Nederlands
item-146 at level 3: list_item: Nedersaksies
item-147 at level 3: list_item: नेपाली
item-148 at level 3: list_item: नेपाल भाषा
item-149 at level 3: list_item: 日本語
item-150 at level 3: list_item: Нохчийн
item-151 at level 3: list_item: Norsk nynorsk
item-152 at level 3: list_item: Occitan
item-153 at level 3: list_item: Oromoo
item-154 at level 3: list_item: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ
item-155 at level 3: list_item: Picard
item-156 at level 3: list_item: Plattdüütsch
item-157 at level 3: list_item: Polski
item-158 at level 3: list_item: Português
item-159 at level 3: list_item: Qırımtatarca
item-160 at level 3: list_item: Română
item-161 at level 3: list_item: Русский
item-162 at level 3: list_item: Саха тыла
item-163 at level 3: list_item: ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ
item-164 at level 3: list_item: Sardu
item-165 at level 3: list_item: Scots
item-166 at level 3: list_item: Seeltersk
item-167 at level 3: list_item: Shqip
item-168 at level 3: list_item: Sicilianu
item-169 at level 3: list_item: සිංහල
item-170 at level 3: list_item: Simple English
item-171 at level 3: list_item: سنڌي
item-172 at level 3: list_item: کوردی
item-173 at level 3: list_item: Српски / srpski
item-174 at level 3: list_item: Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски
item-175 at level 3: list_item: Sunda
item-176 at level 3: list_item: Svenska
item-177 at level 3: list_item: Tagalog
item-178 at level 3: list_item: தமிழ்
item-179 at level 3: list_item: Taqbaylit
item-180 at level 3: list_item: Татарча / tatarça
item-181 at level 3: list_item: ไทย
item-182 at level 3: list_item: Türkçe
item-183 at level 3: list_item: Українська
item-184 at level 3: list_item: ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche
item-185 at level 3: list_item: Vahcuengh
item-186 at level 3: list_item: Tiếng Việt
item-187 at level 3: list_item: Walon
item-188 at level 3: list_item: 文言
item-189 at level 3: list_item: Winaray
item-190 at level 3: list_item: 吴语
item-191 at level 3: list_item: 粵語
item-192 at level 3: list_item: Žemaitėška
item-193 at level 3: list_item: 中文
item-194 at level 2: text: Edit links
item-195 at level 2: list: group list
item-196 at level 3: list_item: Article
item-197 at level 3: list_item: Talk
item-198 at level 2: text: English
item-199 at level 2: list: group list
item-200 at level 2: list: group list
item-201 at level 3: list_item: Read
item-202 at level 3: list_item: View source
item-203 at level 3: list_item: View history
item-204 at level 2: text: Tools
item-205 at level 2: text: Tools
item-206 at level 2: text: move to sidebar
item-207 at level 2: text: hide
item-208 at level 2: text: Actions
item-209 at level 2: list: group list
item-210 at level 3: list_item: Read
item-211 at level 3: list_item: View source
item-212 at level 3: list_item: View history
item-213 at level 2: text: General
item-214 at level 2: list: group list
item-215 at level 3: list_item: What links here
item-216 at level 3: list_item: Related changes
item-217 at level 3: list_item: Upload file
item-218 at level 3: list_item: Special pages
item-219 at level 3: list_item: Permanent link
item-220 at level 3: list_item: Page information
item-221 at level 3: list_item: Cite this page
item-222 at level 3: list_item: Get shortened URL
item-223 at level 3: list_item: Download QR code
item-224 at level 3: list_item: Wikidata item
item-225 at level 2: text: Print/export
item-226 at level 2: list: group list
item-227 at level 3: list_item: Download as PDF
item-228 at level 3: list_item: Printable version
item-229 at level 2: text: In other projects
item-230 at level 2: list: group list
item-231 at level 3: list_item: Wikimedia Commons
item-232 at level 3: list_item: Wikiquote
item-233 at level 2: text: Appearance
item-234 at level 2: text: move to sidebar
item-235 at level 2: text: hide
item-236 at level 2: picture
item-236 at level 3: caption: Page semi-protected
item-237 at level 2: text: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
item-238 at level 2: inline: group group
item-239 at level 3: text: (Redirected from
item-240 at level 3: text: Duckling
item-241 at level 3: text: )
item-242 at level 2: text: Common name for many species of bird
item-243 at level 2: inline: group group
item-244 at level 3: text: This article is about the bird. For duck as a food, see
item-245 at level 3: text: Duck as food
item-246 at level 3: text: . For other uses, see
item-247 at level 3: text: Duck (disambiguation)
item-248 at level 3: text: .
item-249 at level 2: inline: group group
item-250 at level 3: text: "Duckling" redirects here. For other uses, see
item-251 at level 3: text: Duckling (disambiguation)
item-252 at level 3: text: .
item-253 at level 2: table with [13x2]
item-254 at level 3: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_1_0_1
item-255 at level 4: picture
item-256 at level 3: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_1_0_2
item-257 at level 4: text: Bufflehead
item-258 at level 4: text: Bucephala albeola
item-259 at level 4: text: ( )
item-260 at level 3: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_1_0_3
item-261 at level 4: text: Scientific classification
item-262 at level 4: picture
item-262 at level 5: caption: Edit this classification
item-263 at level 2: picture
item-264 at level 2: picture
item-265 at level 2: inline: group group
item-266 at level 3: text: Duck
item-267 at level 3: text: is the common name for numerous species of
item-268 at level 3: text: waterfowl
item-269 at level 3: text: in the
item-270 at level 3: text: family
item-271 at level 3: text: Anatidae
item-272 at level 3: text: . Ducks are generally smaller and shorter-necked than
item-273 at level 3: text: swans
item-274 at level 3: text: and
item-275 at level 3: text: geese
item-276 at level 3: text: , which are members of the same ... among several subfamilies, they are a
item-277 at level 3: text: form taxon
item-278 at level 3: text: ; they do not represent a
item-279 at level 3: text: monophyletic group
item-280 at level 3: text: (the group of all descendants of ... not considered ducks. Ducks are mostly
item-281 at level 3: text: aquatic birds
item-282 at level 3: text: , and may be found in both fresh water and sea water.
item-283 at level 2: inline: group group
item-284 at level 3: text: Ducks are sometimes confused wit ... ater birds with similar forms, such as
item-285 at level 3: text: loons
item-286 at level 3: text: or divers,
item-287 at level 3: text: grebes
item-288 at level 3: text: ,
item-289 at level 3: text: gallinules
item-290 at level 3: text: and
item-291 at level 3: text: coots
item-292 at level 3: text: .
item-293 at level 2: section_header: Etymology
item-294 at level 3: inline: group group
item-295 at level 4: text: The word
item-296 at level 4: text: duck
item-297 at level 4: text: comes from
item-298 at level 4: text: Old English
item-299 at level 4: text: dūce
item-300 at level 4: text: 'diver', a derivative of the verb *
item-301 at level 4: text: dūcan
item-302 at level 4: text: 'to duck, bend down low as if to ... because of the way many species in the
item-303 at level 4: text: dabbling duck
item-304 at level 4: text: group feed by upending; compare with
item-305 at level 4: text: Dutch
item-306 at level 4: text: duiken
item-307 at level 4: text: and
item-308 at level 4: text: German
item-309 at level 4: text: tauchen
item-310 at level 4: text: 'to dive'.
item-311 at level 3: picture
item-311 at level 4: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
item-312 at level 3: inline: group group
item-313 at level 4: text: This word replaced Old English
item-314 at level 4: text: ened
item-315 at level 4: text: /
item-316 at level 4: text: ænid
item-317 at level 4: text: 'duck', possibly to avoid confusion with other words, such as
item-318 at level 4: text: ende
item-319 at level 4: text: 'end' with similar forms. Other ... languages still have similar words for
item-320 at level 4: text: duck
item-321 at level 4: text: , for example, Dutch
item-322 at level 4: text: eend
item-323 at level 4: text: , German
item-324 at level 4: text: Ente
item-325 at level 4: text: and
item-326 at level 4: text: Norwegian
item-327 at level 4: text: and
item-328 at level 4: text: . The word
item-329 at level 4: text: ened
item-330 at level 4: text: /
item-331 at level 4: text: ænid
item-332 at level 4: text: was inherited from
item-333 at level 4: text: Proto-Indo-European
item-334 at level 4: text: ;
item-335 at level 4: text: cf.
item-336 at level 4: text: Latin
item-337 at level 4: text: anas
item-338 at level 4: text: "duck",
item-339 at level 4: text: Lithuanian
item-340 at level 4: text: ántis
item-341 at level 4: text: 'duck',
item-342 at level 4: text: Ancient Greek
item-343 at level 4: text: νῆσσα / νῆττα (
item-344 at level 4: text: nēssa
item-345 at level 4: text: /
item-346 at level 4: text: nētta
item-347 at level 4: text: ) 'duck', and
item-348 at level 4: text: Sanskrit
item-349 at level 4: text: ātí
item-350 at level 4: text: 'water bird', among others.
item-351 at level 3: inline: group group
item-352 at level 4: text: A duckling is a young duck in downy plumage
item-353 at level 4: text: [ 1 ]
item-354 at level 4: text: or baby duck,
item-355 at level 4: text: [ 2 ]
item-356 at level 4: text: but in the food trade a young do ... , is sometimes labelled as a duckling.
item-357 at level 3: inline: group group
item-358 at level 4: text: A male is called a
item-359 at level 4: text: drake
item-360 at level 4: text: and the female is called a duck, or in
item-361 at level 4: text: ornithology
item-362 at level 4: text: a hen.
item-363 at level 4: text: [ 3 ]
item-364 at level 4: text: [ 4 ]
item-365 at level 3: picture
item-365 at level 4: caption: Male mallard .
item-366 at level 3: picture
item-366 at level 4: caption: Wood ducks .
item-367 at level 2: section_header: Taxonomy
item-368 at level 3: inline: group group
item-369 at level 4: text: All ducks belong to the
item-370 at level 4: text: biological order
item-371 at level 4: text: Anseriformes
item-372 at level 4: text: , a group that contains the ducks, geese and swans, as well as the
item-373 at level 4: text: screamers
item-374 at level 4: text: , and the
item-375 at level 4: text: magpie goose
item-376 at level 4: text: .
item-377 at level 4: text: [ 5 ]
item-378 at level 4: text: All except the screamers belong to the
item-379 at level 4: text: biological family
item-380 at level 4: text: Anatidae
item-381 at level 4: text: .
item-382 at level 4: text: [ 5 ]
item-383 at level 4: text: Within the family, ducks are spl ... erable disagreement among taxonomists.
item-384 at level 4: text: [ 5 ]
item-385 at level 4: text: Some base their decisions on
item-386 at level 4: text: morphological characteristics
item-387 at level 4: text: , others on shared behaviours or genetic studies.
item-388 at level 4: text: [ 6 ]
item-389 at level 4: text: [ 7 ]
item-390 at level 4: text: The number of suggested subfamil ... taining ducks ranges from two to five.
item-391 at level 4: text: [ 8 ]
item-392 at level 4: text: [ 9 ]
item-393 at level 4: text: The significant level of
item-394 at level 4: text: hybridisation
item-395 at level 4: text: that occurs among wild ducks com ... relationships between various species.
item-396 at level 4: text: [ 9 ]
item-397 at level 3: picture
item-397 at level 4: caption: Mallard landing in approach
item-398 at level 3: inline: group group
item-399 at level 4: text: In most modern classifications, ... split into a varying number of tribes.
item-400 at level 4: text: [ 10 ]
item-401 at level 4: text: The largest of these, the Anatin ... imarily at the surface of fresh water.
item-402 at level 4: text: [ 11 ]
item-403 at level 4: text: The 'diving ducks', also named f ... ng method, make up the tribe Aythyini.
item-404 at level 4: text: [ 12 ]
item-405 at level 4: text: The 'sea ducks' of the tribe Mer ... majority of their lives in saltwater.
item-406 at level 4: text: [ 13 ]
item-407 at level 4: text: The tribe Oxyurini contains the ... r small size and stiff, upright tails.
item-408 at level 4: text: [ 14 ]
item-409 at level 3: inline: group group
item-410 at level 4: text: A number of other species called ... ed in other subfamilies or tribes. The
item-411 at level 4: text: whistling ducks
item-412 at level 4: text: are assigned either to a tribe ( ... y Anatinae or the subfamily Anserinae,
item-413 at level 4: text: [ 15 ]
item-414 at level 4: text: or to their own subfamily (Dendrocygninae) or family (Dendrocyganidae).
item-415 at level 4: text: [ 9 ]
item-416 at level 4: text: [ 16 ]
item-417 at level 4: text: The
item-418 at level 4: text: freckled duck
item-419 at level 4: text: of Australia is either the sole ... ctonettini in the subfamily Anserinae,
item-420 at level 4: text: [ 15 ]
item-421 at level 4: text: or in its own family, the Stictonettinae.
item-422 at level 4: text: [ 9 ]
item-423 at level 4: text: The
item-424 at level 4: text: shelducks
item-425 at level 4: text: make up the tribe Tadornini in t ... ily Anserinae in some classifications,
item-426 at level 4: text: [ 15 ]
item-427 at level 4: text: and their own subfamily, Tadorninae, in others,
item-428 at level 4: text: [ 17 ]
item-429 at level 4: text: while the
item-430 at level 4: text: steamer ducks
item-431 at level 4: text: are either placed in the family Anserinae in the tribe Tachyerini
item-432 at level 4: text: [ 15 ]
item-433 at level 4: text: or lumped with the shelducks in the tribe Tadorini.
item-434 at level 4: text: [ 9 ]
item-435 at level 4: text: The
item-436 at level 4: text: perching ducks
item-437 at level 4: text: make up in the tribe Cairinini i ... members assigned to the tribe Anatini.
item-438 at level 4: text: [ 9 ]
item-439 at level 4: text: The
item-440 at level 4: text: torrent duck
item-441 at level 4: text: is generally included in the sub ... e in the monotypic tribe Merganettini,
item-442 at level 4: text: [ 15 ]
item-443 at level 4: text: but is sometimes included in the tribe Tadornini.
item-444 at level 4: text: [ 18 ]
item-445 at level 4: text: The
item-446 at level 4: text: pink-eared duck
item-447 at level 4: text: is sometimes included as a true duck either in the tribe Anatini
item-448 at level 4: text: [ 15 ]
item-449 at level 4: text: or the tribe Malacorhynchini,
item-450 at level 4: text: [ 19 ]
item-451 at level 4: text: and other times is included with the shelducks in the tribe Tadornini.
item-452 at level 4: text: [ 15 ]
item-453 at level 2: section_header: Morphology
item-454 at level 3: picture
item-454 at level 4: caption: Male Mandarin duck
item-455 at level 3: inline: group group
item-456 at level 4: text: The overall
item-457 at level 4: text: body plan
item-458 at level 4: text: of ducks is elongated and broad, ... t from this in being more rounded. The
item-459 at level 4: text: bill
item-460 at level 4: text: is usually broad and contains serrated
item-461 at level 4: text: pectens
item-462 at level 4: text: , which are particularly well de ... e generally short and pointed, and the
item-463 at level 4: text: flight
item-464 at level 4: text: of ducks requires fast continuou ... strong wing muscles. Three species of
item-465 at level 4: text: steamer duck
item-466 at level 4: text: are almost flightless, however. ... duck are temporarily flightless while
item-467 at level 4: text: moulting
item-468 at level 4: text: ; they seek out protected habita ... period. This moult typically precedes
item-469 at level 4: text: migration
item-470 at level 4: text: .
item-471 at level 3: inline: group group
item-472 at level 4: text: The drakes of northern species often have extravagant
item-473 at level 4: text: plumage
item-474 at level 4: text: , but that is
item-475 at level 4: text: moulted
item-476 at level 4: text: in summer to give a more female- ... n resident species typically show less
item-477 at level 4: text: sexual dimorphism
item-478 at level 4: text: , although there are exceptions such as the
item-479 at level 4: text: paradise shelduck
item-480 at level 4: text: of
item-481 at level 4: text: New Zealand
item-482 at level 4: text: , which is both strikingly sexua ... rkscrew shaped vagina to prevent rape.
item-483 at level 2: section_header: Distribution and habitat
item-484 at level 3: inline: group group
item-485 at level 4: text: See also:
item-486 at level 4: text: List of Anseriformes by population
item-487 at level 3: picture
item-487 at level 4: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia , Argentina
item-488 at level 3: inline: group group
item-489 at level 4: text: Ducks have a
item-490 at level 4: text: cosmopolitan distribution
item-491 at level 4: text: , and are found on every continent except Antarctica.
item-492 at level 4: text: [ 5 ]
item-493 at level 4: text: Several species manage to live on subantarctic islands, including
item-494 at level 4: text: South Georgia
item-495 at level 4: text: and the
item-496 at level 4: text: Auckland Islands
item-497 at level 4: text: .
item-498 at level 4: text: [ 20 ]
item-499 at level 4: text: Ducks have reached a number of isolated oceanic islands, including the
item-500 at level 4: text: Hawaiian Islands
item-501 at level 4: text: ,
item-502 at level 4: text: Micronesia
item-503 at level 4: text: and the
item-504 at level 4: text: Galápagos Islands
item-505 at level 4: text: , where they are often
item-506 at level 4: text: vagrants
item-507 at level 4: text: and less often
item-508 at level 4: text: residents
item-509 at level 4: text: .
item-510 at level 4: text: [ 21 ]
item-511 at level 4: text: [ 22 ]
item-512 at level 4: text: A handful are
item-513 at level 4: text: endemic
item-514 at level 4: text: to such far-flung islands.
item-515 at level 4: text: [ 21 ]
item-516 at level 3: picture
item-516 at level 4: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall , England
item-517 at level 3: inline: group group
item-518 at level 4: text: Some duck species, mainly those ... that form after localised heavy rain.
item-519 at level 4: text: [ 23 ]
item-520 at level 2: section_header: Behaviour
item-521 at level 3: section_header: Feeding
item-522 at level 4: picture
item-522 at level 5: caption: Pecten along the bill
item-523 at level 4: inline: group group
item-524 at level 5: text: Ducks eat food sources such as
item-525 at level 5: text: grasses
item-526 at level 5: text: , aquatic plants, fish, insects, small amphibians, worms, and small
item-527 at level 5: text: molluscs
item-528 at level 5: text: .
item-529 at level 4: inline: group group
item-530 at level 5: text: Dabbling ducks
item-531 at level 5: text: feed on the surface of water or ... -ending without completely submerging.
item-532 at level 5: text: [ 24 ]
item-533 at level 5: text: Along the edge of the bill, there is a comb-like structure called a
item-534 at level 5: text: pecten
item-535 at level 5: text: . This strains the water squirti ... thers and to hold slippery food items.
item-536 at level 4: inline: group group
item-537 at level 5: text: Diving ducks
item-538 at level 5: text: and
item-539 at level 5: text: sea ducks
item-540 at level 5: text: forage deep underwater. To be ab ... ave more difficulty taking off to fly.
item-541 at level 4: inline: group group
item-542 at level 5: text: A few specialized species such as the
item-543 at level 5: text: mergansers
item-544 at level 5: text: are adapted to catch and swallow large fish.
item-545 at level 4: inline: group group
item-546 at level 5: text: The others have the characteristic wide flat bill adapted to
item-547 at level 5: text: dredging
item-548 at level 5: text: -type jobs such as pulling up wa ... y when digging into sediment it has no
item-549 at level 5: text: cere
item-550 at level 5: text: , but the nostrils come out through hard horn.
item-551 at level 4: inline: group group
item-552 at level 5: text: The Guardian
item-553 at level 5: text: published an article advising th ... hould not be fed with bread because it
item-554 at level 5: text: damages the health of the ducks
item-555 at level 5: text: and pollutes waterways.
item-556 at level 5: text: [ 25 ]
item-557 at level 3: section_header: Breeding
item-558 at level 4: picture
item-558 at level 5: caption: A Muscovy duckling
item-559 at level 4: inline: group group
item-560 at level 5: text: Ducks generally
item-561 at level 5: text: only have one partner at a time
item-562 at level 5: text: , although the partnership usually only lasts one year.
item-563 at level 5: text: [ 26 ]
item-564 at level 5: text: Larger species and the more sede ... e pair-bonds that last numerous years.
item-565 at level 5: text: [ 27 ]
item-566 at level 5: text: Most duck species breed once a y ... ng to do so in favourable conditions (
item-567 at level 5: text: spring
item-568 at level 5: text: /summer or wet seasons). Ducks also tend to make a
item-569 at level 5: text: nest
item-570 at level 5: text: before breeding, and, after hatc ... out of (such as nesting in an enclosed
item-571 at level 5: text: courtyard
item-572 at level 5: text: ) or are not prospering due to g ... e nest and led her ducklings to water.
item-573 at level 5: text: [ 28 ]
item-574 at level 3: section_header: Communication
item-575 at level 4: inline: group group
item-576 at level 5: text: Female
item-577 at level 5: text: mallard
item-578 at level 5: text: ducks (as well as several other species in the genus
item-579 at level 5: text: Anas
item-580 at level 5: text: , such as the
item-581 at level 5: text: American
item-582 at level 5: text: and
item-583 at level 5: text: Pacific black ducks
item-584 at level 5: text: ,
item-585 at level 5: text: spot-billed duck
item-586 at level 5: text: ,
item-587 at level 5: text: northern pintail
item-588 at level 5: text: and
item-589 at level 5: text: common teal
item-590 at level 5: text: ) make the classic "quack" sound ... at is sometimes written as "breeeeze",
item-591 at level 5: text: [ 29 ]
item-592 at level 5: text: [
item-593 at level 5: text: self-published source?
item-594 at level 5: text: ]
item-595 at level 5: text: but, despite widespread misconce ... , most species of duck do not "quack".
item-596 at level 5: text: [ 30 ]
item-597 at level 5: text: In general, ducks make a range of
item-598 at level 5: text: calls
item-599 at level 5: text: , including whistles, cooing, yodels and grunts. For example, the
item-600 at level 5: text: scaup
item-601 at level 5: text: - which are
item-602 at level 5: text: diving ducks
item-603 at level 5: text: - make a noise like "scaup" (hen ... laying calls or quieter contact calls.
item-604 at level 4: inline: group group
item-605 at level 5: text: A common
item-606 at level 5: text: urban legend
item-607 at level 5: text: claims that duck quacks do not e ... y the Acoustics Research Centre at the
item-608 at level 5: text: University of Salford
item-609 at level 5: text: in 2003 as part of the
item-610 at level 5: text: British Association
item-611 at level 5: text: 's Festival of Science.
item-612 at level 5: text: [ 31 ]
item-613 at level 5: text: It was also debunked in
item-614 at level 5: text: one of the earlier episodes
item-615 at level 5: text: of the popular Discovery Channel television show
item-616 at level 5: text: MythBusters
item-617 at level 5: text: .
item-618 at level 5: text: [ 32 ]
item-619 at level 3: section_header: Predators
item-620 at level 4: picture
item-620 at level 5: caption: Ringed teal
item-621 at level 4: inline: group group
item-622 at level 5: text: Ducks have many predators. Duckl ... ory birds but also for large fish like
item-623 at level 5: text: pike
item-624 at level 5: text: ,
item-625 at level 5: text: crocodilians
item-626 at level 5: text: , predatory
item-627 at level 5: text: testudines
item-628 at level 5: text: such as the
item-629 at level 5: text: alligator snapping turtle
item-630 at level 5: text: , and other aquatic hunters, including fish-eating birds such as
item-631 at level 5: text: herons
item-632 at level 5: text: . Ducks' nests are raided by lan ... naware on the nest by mammals, such as
item-633 at level 5: text: foxes
item-634 at level 5: text: , or large birds, such as
item-635 at level 5: text: hawks
item-636 at level 5: text: or
item-637 at level 5: text: owls
item-638 at level 5: text: .
item-639 at level 4: inline: group group
item-640 at level 5: text: Adult ducks are fast fliers, but ... ng big fish such as the North American
item-641 at level 5: text: muskie
item-642 at level 5: text: and the European
item-643 at level 5: text: pike
item-644 at level 5: text: . In flight, ducks are safe from ... a few predators such as humans and the
item-645 at level 5: text: peregrine falcon
item-646 at level 5: text: , which uses its speed and strength to catch ducks.
item-647 at level 2: section_header: Relationship with humans
item-648 at level 3: section_header: Hunting
item-649 at level 4: inline: group group
item-650 at level 5: text: Main article:
item-651 at level 5: text: Waterfowl hunting
item-652 at level 4: inline: group group
item-653 at level 5: text: Humans have hunted ducks since prehistoric times. Excavations of
item-654 at level 5: text: middens
item-655 at level 5: text: in California dating to 7800 - 6400
item-656 at level 5: text: BP
item-657 at level 5: text: have turned up bones of ducks, i ... st one now-extinct flightless species.
item-658 at level 5: text: [ 33 ]
item-659 at level 5: text: Ducks were captured in "significant numbers" by
item-660 at level 5: text: Holocene
item-661 at level 5: text: inhabitants of the lower
item-662 at level 5: text: Ohio River
item-663 at level 5: text: valley, suggesting they took adv ... ounty provided by migrating waterfowl.
item-664 at level 5: text: [ 34 ]
item-665 at level 5: text: Neolithic hunters in locations as far apart as the Caribbean,
item-666 at level 5: text: [ 35 ]
item-667 at level 5: text: Scandinavia,
item-668 at level 5: text: [ 36 ]
item-669 at level 5: text: Egypt,
item-670 at level 5: text: [ 37 ]
item-671 at level 5: text: Switzerland,
item-672 at level 5: text: [ 38 ]
item-673 at level 5: text: and China relied on ducks as a s ... f protein for some or all of the year.
item-674 at level 5: text: [ 39 ]
item-675 at level 5: text: Archeological evidence shows that
item-676 at level 5: text: Māori people
item-677 at level 5: text: in New Zealand hunted the flightless
item-678 at level 5: text: Finsch's duck
item-679 at level 5: text: , possibly to extinction, though ... may also have contributed to its fate.
item-680 at level 5: text: [ 40 ]
item-681 at level 5: text: A similar end awaited the
item-682 at level 5: text: Chatham duck
item-683 at level 5: text: , a species with reduced flying ... was colonised by Polynesian settlers.
item-684 at level 5: text: [ 41 ]
item-685 at level 5: text: It is probable that duck eggs we ... ugh hard evidence of this is uncommon.
item-686 at level 5: text: [ 35 ]
item-687 at level 5: text: [ 42 ]
item-688 at level 4: inline: group group
item-689 at level 5: text: In many areas, wild ducks (inclu ... he wild) are hunted for food or sport,
item-690 at level 5: text: [ 43 ]
item-691 at level 5: text: by shooting, or by being trapped using
item-692 at level 5: text: duck decoys
item-693 at level 5: text: . Because an idle floating duck ... n "an easy target". These ducks may be
item-694 at level 5: text: contaminated by pollutants
item-695 at level 5: text: such as
item-696 at level 5: text: PCBs
item-697 at level 5: text: .
item-698 at level 5: text: [ 44 ]
item-699 at level 3: section_header: Domestication
item-700 at level 4: inline: group group
item-701 at level 5: text: Main article:
item-702 at level 5: text: Domestic duck
item-703 at level 4: picture
item-703 at level 5: caption: Indian Runner ducks , a common breed of domestic ducks
item-704 at level 4: inline: group group
item-705 at level 5: text: Ducks have many economic uses, b ... eggs, and feathers (particularly their
item-706 at level 5: text: down
item-707 at level 5: text: ). Approximately 3 billion ducks ... ughtered each year for meat worldwide.
item-708 at level 5: text: [ 45 ]
item-709 at level 5: text: They are also kept and bred by a ... domestic ducks are descended from the
item-710 at level 5: text: mallard
item-711 at level 5: text: (
item-712 at level 5: text: Anas platyrhynchos
item-713 at level 5: text: ), apart from the
item-714 at level 5: text: Muscovy duck
item-715 at level 5: text: (
item-716 at level 5: text: Cairina moschata
item-717 at level 5: text: ).
item-718 at level 5: text: [ 46 ]
item-719 at level 5: text: [ 47 ]
item-720 at level 5: text: The
item-721 at level 5: text: Call duck
item-722 at level 5: text: is another example of a domestic ... as it weighs less than 1 kg (2.2 lb).
item-723 at level 5: text: [ 48 ]
item-724 at level 3: section_header: Heraldry
item-725 at level 4: picture
item-725 at level 5: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka [ 49 ]
item-726 at level 4: inline: group group
item-727 at level 5: text: Ducks appear on several
item-728 at level 5: text: coats of arms
item-729 at level 5: text: , including the coat of arms of
item-730 at level 5: text: Lubāna
item-731 at level 5: text: (
item-732 at level 5: text: Latvia
item-733 at level 5: text: )
item-734 at level 5: text: [ 50 ]
item-735 at level 5: text: and the coat of arms of
item-736 at level 5: text: Föglö
item-737 at level 5: text: (
item-738 at level 5: text: Åland
item-739 at level 5: text: ).
item-740 at level 5: text: [ 51 ]
item-741 at level 3: section_header: Cultural references
item-742 at level 4: inline: group group
item-743 at level 5: text: In 2002, psychologist
item-744 at level 5: text: Richard Wiseman
item-745 at level 5: text: and colleagues at the
item-746 at level 5: text: University of Hertfordshire
item-747 at level 5: text: ,
item-748 at level 5: text: UK
item-749 at level 5: text: , finished a year-long
item-750 at level 5: text: LaughLab
item-751 at level 5: text: experiment, concluding that of a ... involving an animal, make it a duck."
item-752 at level 5: text: [ 52 ]
item-753 at level 5: text: The word "duck" may have become an
item-754 at level 5: text: inherently funny word
item-755 at level 5: text: in many languages, possibly beca ... n their looks or behavior. Of the many
item-756 at level 5: text: ducks in fiction
item-757 at level 5: text: , many are cartoon characters, such as
item-758 at level 5: text: Walt Disney
item-759 at level 5: text: 's
item-760 at level 5: text: Donald Duck
item-761 at level 5: text: , and
item-762 at level 5: text: Warner Bros.
item-763 at level 5: text: '
item-764 at level 5: text: Daffy Duck
item-765 at level 5: text: .
item-766 at level 5: text: Howard the Duck
item-767 at level 5: text: started as a comic book character in 1973
item-768 at level 5: text: [ 53 ]
item-769 at level 5: text: [ 54 ]
item-770 at level 5: text: and was made into a
item-771 at level 5: text: movie
item-772 at level 5: text: in 1986.
item-773 at level 4: inline: group group
item-774 at level 5: text: The 1992 Disney film
item-775 at level 5: text: The Mighty Ducks
item-776 at level 5: text: , starring
item-777 at level 5: text: Emilio Estevez
item-778 at level 5: text: , chose the duck as the mascot f ... e nickname and mascot for the eventual
item-779 at level 5: text: National Hockey League
item-780 at level 5: text: professional team of the
item-781 at level 5: text: Anaheim Ducks
item-782 at level 5: text: , who were founded with the name the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
item-783 at level 5: text: [
item-784 at level 5: text: citation needed
item-785 at level 5: text: ]
item-786 at level 5: text: The duck is also the nickname of the
item-787 at level 5: text: University of Oregon
item-788 at level 5: text: sports teams as well as the
item-789 at level 5: text: Long Island Ducks
item-790 at level 5: text: minor league
item-791 at level 5: text: baseball
item-792 at level 5: text: team.
item-793 at level 5: text: [ 55 ]
item-794 at level 2: section_header: See also
item-795 at level 3: list: group list
item-796 at level 4: list_item: Birds portal
item-797 at level 4: picture
item-798 at level 3: list: group list
item-799 at level 4: list_item: Domestic duck
item-800 at level 4: list_item: Duck as food
item-801 at level 4: list_item: Duck test
item-802 at level 4: list_item: Duck breeds
item-803 at level 4: list_item: Fictional ducks
item-804 at level 4: list_item: Rubber duck
item-805 at level 2: section_header: Notes
item-806 at level 3: section_header: Citations
item-807 at level 4: list: group ordered list
item-808 at level 5: list_item:
item-809 at level 6: inline: group group
item-810 at level 7: text: ^
item-811 at level 7: text: "Duckling"
item-812 at level 7: text: .
item-813 at level 7: text: The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
item-814 at level 7: text: . Houghton Mifflin Company. 2006 . Retrieved 2015-05-22 .
item-815 at level 5: list_item:
item-816 at level 6: inline: group group
item-817 at level 7: text: ^
item-818 at level 7: text: "Duckling"
item-819 at level 7: text: .
item-820 at level 7: text: Kernerman English Multilingual Dictionary (Beta Version)
item-821 at level 7: text: . K. Dictionaries Ltd. 2000-2006 . Retrieved 2015-05-22 .
item-822 at level 5: list_item:
item-823 at level 6: inline: group group
item-824 at level 7: text: ^
item-825 at level 7: text: Dohner, Janet Vorwald (2001).
item-826 at level 7: text: The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds
item-827 at level 7: text: . Yale University Press.
item-828 at level 7: text: ISBN
item-829 at level 7: text: 978-0300138139
item-830 at level 7: text: .
item-831 at level 5: list_item:
item-832 at level 6: inline: group group
item-833 at level 7: text: ^
item-834 at level 7: text: Visca, Curt; Visca, Kelley (2003).
item-835 at level 7: text: How to Draw Cartoon Birds
item-836 at level 7: text: . The Rosen Publishing Group.
item-837 at level 7: text: ISBN
item-838 at level 7: text: 9780823961566
item-839 at level 7: text: .
item-840 at level 5: list_item:
item-841 at level 6: inline: group group
item-842 at level 7: text: ^
item-843 at level 7: text: a
item-844 at level 7: text: b
item-845 at level 7: text: c
item-846 at level 7: text: d
item-847 at level 7: text: Carboneras 1992
item-848 at level 7: text: , p. 536.
item-849 at level 5: list_item:
item-850 at level 6: inline: group group
item-851 at level 7: text: ^
item-852 at level 7: text: Livezey 1986
item-853 at level 7: text: , pp. 737-738.
item-854 at level 5: list_item:
item-855 at level 6: inline: group group
item-856 at level 7: text: ^
item-857 at level 7: text: Madsen, McHugh & de Kloet 1988
item-858 at level 7: text: , p. 452.
item-859 at level 5: list_item:
item-860 at level 6: inline: group group
item-861 at level 7: text: ^
item-862 at level 7: text: Donne-Goussé, Laudet & Hänni 2002
item-863 at level 7: text: , pp. 353-354.
item-864 at level 5: list_item:
item-865 at level 6: inline: group group
item-866 at level 7: text: ^
item-867 at level 7: text: a
item-868 at level 7: text: b
item-869 at level 7: text: c
item-870 at level 7: text: d
item-871 at level 7: text: e
item-872 at level 7: text: f
item-873 at level 7: text: Carboneras 1992
item-874 at level 7: text: , p. 540.
item-875 at level 5: list_item:
item-876 at level 6: inline: group group
item-877 at level 7: text: ^
item-878 at level 7: text: Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001
item-879 at level 7: text: , p. 191.
item-880 at level 5: list_item:
item-881 at level 6: inline: group group
item-882 at level 7: text: ^
item-883 at level 7: text: Kear 2005
item-884 at level 7: text: , p. 448.
item-885 at level 5: list_item:
item-886 at level 6: inline: group group
item-887 at level 7: text: ^
item-888 at level 7: text: Kear 2005
item-889 at level 7: text: , p. 622-623.
item-890 at level 5: list_item:
item-891 at level 6: inline: group group
item-892 at level 7: text: ^
item-893 at level 7: text: Kear 2005
item-894 at level 7: text: , p. 686.
item-895 at level 5: list_item:
item-896 at level 6: inline: group group
item-897 at level 7: text: ^
item-898 at level 7: text: Elphick, Dunning & Sibley 2001
item-899 at level 7: text: , p. 193.
item-900 at level 5: list_item:
item-901 at level 6: inline: group group
item-902 at level 7: text: ^
item-903 at level 7: text: a
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item-1393 at level 4: text: sister projects
item-1394 at level 3: list: group list
item-1395 at level 4: list_item:
item-1396 at level 5: inline: group group
item-1397 at level 6: text: Definitions
item-1398 at level 6: text: from Wiktionary
item-1399 at level 4: picture
item-1400 at level 4: list_item:
item-1401 at level 5: inline: group group
item-1402 at level 6: text: Media
item-1403 at level 6: text: from Commons
item-1404 at level 4: picture
item-1405 at level 4: list_item:
item-1406 at level 5: inline: group group
item-1407 at level 6: text: Quotations
item-1408 at level 6: text: from Wikiquote
item-1409 at level 4: picture
item-1410 at level 4: list_item:
item-1411 at level 5: inline: group group
item-1412 at level 6: text: Recipes
item-1413 at level 6: text: from Wikibooks
item-1414 at level 4: picture
item-1415 at level 4: list_item:
item-1416 at level 5: inline: group group
item-1417 at level 6: text: Taxa
item-1418 at level 6: text: from Wikispecies
item-1419 at level 4: picture
item-1420 at level 4: list_item:
item-1421 at level 5: inline: group group
item-1422 at level 6: text: Data
item-1423 at level 6: text: from Wikidata
item-1424 at level 4: picture
item-1425 at level 3: list: group list
item-1426 at level 4: list_item:
item-1427 at level 5: inline: group group
item-1428 at level 6: text: list of books
item-1429 at level 6: text: (useful looking abstracts)
item-1430 at level 4: list_item:
item-1431 at level 5: inline: group group
item-1432 at level 6: text: Ducks on postage stamps
item-1433 at level 6: text: Archived
item-1434 at level 6: text: 2013-05-13 at the
item-1435 at level 6: text: Wayback Machine
item-1436 at level 4: list_item:
item-1437 at level 5: inline: group group
item-1438 at level 6: text: Ducks at a Distance, by Rob Hines
item-1439 at level 6: text: at
item-1440 at level 6: text: Project Gutenberg
item-1441 at level 6: text: - A modern illustrated guide to identification of US waterfowl
item-1442 at level 3: table with [3x2]
item-1443 at level 4: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_2_0_0
item-1444 at level 5: text: Authority control databases
item-1445 at level 5: picture
item-1445 at level 6: caption: Edit this at Wikidata
item-1446 at level 4: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_2_0_1
item-1447 at level 5: list: group list
item-1448 at level 6: list_item: United States
item-1449 at level 6: list_item: France
item-1450 at level 6: list_item: BnF data
item-1451 at level 6: list_item: Japan
item-1452 at level 6: list_item: Latvia
item-1453 at level 6: list_item: Israel
item-1454 at level 4: unspecified: group rich_cell_group_2_0_2
item-1455 at level 5: list: group list
item-1456 at level 6: list_item: IdRef
item-1457 at level 3: picture
item-1458 at level 3: inline: group group
item-1459 at level 4: text: Retrieved from "
item-1460 at level 4: text: https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Duck&oldid=1246843351
item-1461 at level 4: text: "
item-1462 at level 3: text: Categories
item-1463 at level 3: text: :
item-1464 at level 3: list: group list
item-1465 at level 4: list_item: Ducks
item-1466 at level 4: list_item: Game birds
item-1467 at level 4: list_item: Bird common names
item-1468 at level 3: text: Hidden categories:
item-1469 at level 3: list: group list
item-1470 at level 4: list_item: All accuracy disputes
item-1471 at level 4: list_item: Accuracy disputes from February 2020
item-1472 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Finnish-language sources (fi)
item-1473 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Latvian-language sources (lv)
item-1474 at level 4: list_item: CS1 Swedish-language sources (sv)
item-1475 at level 4: list_item: Articles with short description
item-1476 at level 4: list_item: Short description is different from Wikidata
item-1477 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages
item-1478 at level 4: list_item: Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages
item-1479 at level 4: list_item: Articles with 'species' microformats
item-1480 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text
item-1481 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Dutch-language text
item-1482 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing German-language text
item-1483 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Norwegian-language text
item-1484 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Lithuanian-language text
item-1485 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text
item-1486 at level 4: list_item: All articles with self-published sources
item-1487 at level 4: list_item: Articles with self-published sources from February 2020
item-1488 at level 4: list_item: All articles with unsourced statements
item-1489 at level 4: list_item: Articles with unsourced statements from January 2022
item-1490 at level 4: list_item: CS1: long volume value
item-1491 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with wikidata mismatch
item-1492 at level 4: list_item: Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata
item-1493 at level 4: list_item: Webarchive template wayback links
item-1494 at level 4: list_item: Articles with Project Gutenberg links
item-1495 at level 4: list_item: Articles containing video clips
item-1496 at level 3: list: group list
item-1497 at level 1: caption: Page semi-protected
item-1498 at level 1: caption: Edit this classification
item-1499 at level 1: caption: Pacific black duck displaying the characteristic upending "duck"
item-1500 at level 1: caption: Male mallard .
item-1501 at level 1: caption: Wood ducks .
item-1502 at level 1: caption: Mallard landing in approach
item-1503 at level 1: caption: Male Mandarin duck
item-1504 at level 1: caption: Flying steamer ducks in Ushuaia , Argentina
item-1505 at level 1: caption: Female mallard in Cornwall , England
item-1506 at level 1: caption: Pecten along the bill
item-1507 at level 1: caption: A Muscovy duckling
item-1508 at level 1: caption: Ringed teal
item-1509 at level 1: caption: Indian Runner ducks , a common breed of domestic ducks
item-1510 at level 1: caption: Three black-colored ducks in the coat of arms of Maaninka [ 49 ]
item-1511 at level 1: caption: Edit this at Wikidata
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